.65 Chapter 3 Sections 8-11

Question 1

Sequence/spacing application

Answer 1

Establish the sequence of arriving and departing aircraft by requiring them to adjust flight or ground operation, as necessary, to achieve proper spacing.

Question 2

“Cleared for the option” means…?

Answer 2

Touch-and-go

Stop-and-go

Low approach

Missed approach

Full stop

Question 3

Consider:
Touch-and-go
Stop-and-go
Low approach

Answer 3

Consider an aircraft cleared for touch-and-go, stop-and-go, or low approach as an arriving aircraft until it

•touches down (for touch-and-go)

•Makes a complete stop (for stop-and-go)

•or crosses the landing threshold (for low approach)

And there after a departing aircraft

Question 4

Simultaneous same direction operation

Answer 4

Authorize simultaneous, same direction operations on parallel runways, on parallel landing strips, or on a runway and a parallel landing strip only when following conditions are met:

1) operations are conducted in VFR conditions unless visual separation is applied

2) two-way radio communication is maintained with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic information is issued.

3 the distance between the parallel runways or landing strips is in accordance with those specified in .65

Question 5

Same direction distance minima

Answer 5

Aircraft category Minimum distance (feet) between parallel

                             Runway centerlines        Edges of adjacent strips/runway and strip

Category I or II. 300 200

If either aircraft is a cat III. 500 400

If either aircraft is a heavy. 700 600

Question 6

Opposite direction distance minima

Answer 6

Type of operation Minimum distance parallel

                             Runway centerlines        Edges of adjacent strips/runway and strip

Between sunrise and sunset 1,400 1,400

Between sunset and sunrise 2,800 Not authorized

Question 7

When do you issue official ceiling and visibility (when avaiable) to a departing VFR aircraft before take off?

Answer 7

When weather is below VFR conditions

Question 8

When do you issue official ceiling and visibility (when avaiable) to a departing IFR aircraft before take off?

Answer 8

When weather is below VFR conditions or highest minima, whichever is greater

Question 9

Departure INFORMATION: braking action

Answer 9

Issue braking action for the runway in use as received from pilots when braking action advisories are in effect.

Question 10

Sequencing/spacing phraseology

Answer 10

• extend downwind

• make short approach

• number (landing sequence number)

• follow (description and location not traffic)

• circle the airport

• make left/right 360 or 270

• go around

Etc.

Question 11

SIMULTANEOUS SAME DIRECTION DISTANCE MINIMA

Minimum distance (feet) between:
•parallel runway centerlines
•edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip

Category I or category Il

Answer 11

Distance between parallel runway centerlines- 300

Distance between edges of adjacent strips for runway and strip -200

Question 12

SIMULTANEOUS SAME DIRECTION DISTANCE MINIMA

Minimum distance (feet) between:
•parallel runway centerlines
•edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip

If either aircraft is a category III

Answer 12

Distance between parallel runway centerlines- 500

Distant between edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip- 400

Question 13

SIMULTANEOUS SAME DIRECTION DISTANCE MINIMA

Minimum distance (feet) between:
•parallel runway centerlines
•edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip

If either aircraft is a Heavy

Answer 13

Distance between parallel runway centerlines- 700

Distance between edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip- 600

Question 14

What conditions must be met to authorize simultaneous opposite direction operation?

Answer 14

1) Operations are conducted in VFR conditions

2) Two-way radio communication is maintained with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic information is issued

3) Distance between runways or landing strips is in accordance with the minima

Question 15

What conditions must be met to authorize simultaneous same direction operation?

Answer 15

1) Operations are conducted in VFR conditions

2) Two-way radio communication is maintained with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic information is issued

3) Distance between runways or landing strips is in accordance with the minima

Question 16

SIMULTANEOUS OPPOSITE DIRECTION DISTANCE MINIMA
Minimum distance (feet) between:
•parallel runway centerlines
•edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip

BETWEEN SUNRISE AND SUNSET:

Answer 16

Distance between parallel runway centerlines- 1,400

Distance between edges of adjacent strips for runway and strip- 1,400

Question 17

SIMULTANEOUS OPPOSITE DIRECTION DISTANCE MINIMA

Minimum distance (feet) between:
•parallel runway centerlines
•edges of adjacent strips or runway and strip

BETWEEN SUNSET AND SUNRISE:

Answer 17

Distance between parallel runway centerlines-2,800

Distance between edges of adjacent strips for runway and strip- NOT authorized

Question 18

LUAW

Answer 18

Line up and wait

Intent is to position aircraft for an imminent departure

NOTE- an imminent departure is one that will not be delayed beyond the time that is required to ensure a safe operation. An aircraft should not be in LUAW status for more than 90 seconds without additional instructions.

Phraseology - ** runway (number), line up and wait.**

Question 19

May you issue a landing clearance to an aircraft requesting a full-stop, touch-and-go, stop-and-go, option, or unrestricted low approach on the same runway with un aircraft that is holding in position or taxiing to line up and wait?

Answer 19

No. Not until after the aircraft in holding position starts takeoff roll.

** phraseology**
( to aircraft requesting the option)

RUNWAY (number), CONTINUE, TRAFFIC HOLDING IN POSITION.

RUNWAY (number), (pattern instructions as appropriate), TRAFFIC HOLDING IN POSITION.

Question 20

Can you authorize an aircraft to LUAW if an aircraft has been cleared to land, touch-and-go, stop-and-go, option, or unrestricted low approach to the same runway?

Answer 20

No.

Question 21

What must you inform an aircraft who is authorized to LUAW 68?

Answer 21

Of the closest traffic within 6-flying miles requesting a full-stop, touch-and-go, stop-and-go, option, or unrestricted low approach to the same runway.

Question 22

Can you authorize an aircraft to LUAW when the departure point is not visible from the tower?

Answer 22

No. Unless the aircraft’s position can be verified by ASDE (airport surface detection equipment), or the runway is used for departures only.

Question 23

Under what conditions may an aircraft be authorized to line up and wait at an intersection between sunset and sunrise?

Answer 23

1) procedure must be approved by the appropriate Service Area Director of Air Traffic Operations

2) procedure must be contained Ina facility directive

3) The runway must be used as a departure-only runway

4) only one aircraft at a time is permitted to LUAW on the same runway

5) document on FAA Form 7230-4, daily record of facility operation

Question 24

When may you NOT authorize an aircraft to LUAW at an intersection

Answer 24

1) when the intersection is not visible from the tower

2) for simultaneous LUAW on the same runway, between sunrise and sunset, unless local assist/ local monitor position is staffed

Question 25

What must happen for aircraft authorized to LUAW on runways that intersect?

Answer 25

Traffic must be exchanged between that aircraft and the aircraft that is authorized to depart or arrive to the intersecting runway and vise-versa

Question 26

Anticipating separation

Answer 26

Takeoff clearance need not be withheld until prescribed separation exists if there is a reasonable assurance it will exist when the aircraft starts takeoff roll

Question 27

SAME RUNWAY SEPARATION Separate a departing aircraft from a preceding departing or arriving aircraft using the same runway by ensuring that it does not begin take off roll until:

Answer 27

• the other aircraft has departed and crossed the runway end or turned to avert any conflict. •If you can determine distances by reference to suitable landmarks, the other aircraft needs only be airborne if the following minimum distance exists between aircraft: 1) when only **category I** aircraft are involved- **3,000 feet** 2) when a **category I** aircraft is preceded by a **category II** aircraft - **3,000 feet** 3) when either the succeeding or both are **category II** aircraft- **4,500 feet** 4) when either is a **category III** aircraft- **6,000 feet** 5) when the succeeding aircraft is a helicopter, visual separation may be applied in lieu of using distance minima 6) A preceding landing aircraft is clear of the runway

Question 28

CATEGORY I

Answer 28

Small single Engine propeller driven aircraft Weighing 12,500 lbs. or less •All helicopters

Question 29

CATEGORY II

Answer 29

Small twin Engine propeller driven aircraft Weighing 12,500lbs. or less

Question 30

CATEGORY III

Answer 30

All other aircraft

Question 31

Do not issue clearances to a small aircraft to line up and wait on the same runway behind a departing super or heavy aircraft to apply the necessary intervals

Question 32

Wake turbulence application May a pilot request additional separation?

Answer 32

Yes, but should make this request before taxiing on the runway

Question 33

Wake turbulence application When should takeoff clearance be issued to the following aircraft?

Answer 33

Should NOT be issued until the time interval has passed after the preceding aircraft begins takeoff roll.

Question 34

Wake turbulence application Separate aircraft taking off from the same runway or a parallel runway (separated by less than 2,500 ft.) by -

Answer 34

1) heavy, large, or small behind a super - 3 minutes 2) heavy, large, or small behind a heavy - 2 minutes

Question 35

What does a departure behind a departure need?

Answer 35

Wake turbulence separation

Question 36

Separate a small behind a B757 by 2 minutes when departing:

Answer 36

1) the same runway or parallel runway separated by less than 700 feet. 2) A parallel runway separated by 700 of it or more if projected flight paths will cross.

Question 37

Separate aircraft departing from a parallel runway separated by 2,500 feet or more if projected flight paths will cross

Answer 37

1) heavy, large, or small behind a super - 3 minutes 2) heavy, large, or small behind a heavy - 2 minutes

Question 38

Separate aircraft when operating on a runway with a displaced landing threshold if projected flight paths will cross when either a departure follows an arrival or an arrival follows a departure by:

Answer 38

1) heavy, large, or small behind a super - 3 minutes 2) heavy, large, or small behind heavy - 2 minutes 3) small behind a B757 - 2 minutes

Question 39

Separate aircraft behind another aircraft that has departed or made a low/missed approach when utilizing opposite direction takeoffs or landings on the same or parallel runways separated by less than 2,500 feet by:

Answer 39

1) Heavy, large, or small behind a super - 4 minutes 2) heavy, large, or small behind a heavy - 2 minutes 3) small behind B757 - 2 minutes

Question 40

Separate an aircraft behind another aircraft that has departed or made a low/missed approach when utilizing opposite direction take offs or landings on the same or parallel runways separated by less then 2,500 feet by:

Answer 40

1) heavy, large, or small behind a super - 4 minutes 2) heavy, large, or small behind a heavy - 3 minutes

Question 41

Separate a small aircraft behind a B757 that has departed or made a low/missed approach by 3 minutes when utilizing opposite direction takeoffs or landings from:

Answer 41

1) the same runway or parallel runway separated by less than 700 feet 2) a parallel runway separated by 700 feet or more if projected flight paths will cross

Question 42

Inform aircraft when it is necessary to hold in order to provide required time interval -

Answer 42

Phraseology - “HOLD FOR WAKE TURBULENCE”

Question 43

When may a plot request to deviate from the wake turbulence time interval?

Answer 43

When a small behind a large (not including B757) that has departed or made a low/missed approach when utilizing opposite direction takeoffs on the same runway- separate by 3 minutes, unless, pilot has initiated a request to deviate from time interval. In this case, issue a wake turbulence cautionary advisory before clearing the aircraft for take off. **Controllers must not initiate or suggest a waiver of the time interval.** Note- a request for take off does not initiate a waiver request.

Question 44

What are aircraft conducting touch-and-go and stop-and-go operations considered?

Answer 44

Departing from an intersection

Question 45

When and how do you cancel a takeoff clearance?

Answer 45

Cancel a previously issued clearance for take off and inform the pilot of the reason if circumstances require. Once an aircraft has started takeoff roll, cancel the takeoff clearance ONLY for the purpose of safety. Phraseology - "CANCEL TAKEOFF CLEARANCE, (reason).”

Question 46

Same runway separation Separate an arriving aircraft from another aircraft using the same runway by ensuring the arriving aircraft does not cross the landing threshold until one of the following conditions exists

Answer 46

**1) The other aircraft has landed and is clear of the runway.** Between sunrise and sunset: if you can determine distances by reference to suitable landmarks and the other aircraft has landed, it need not be clear of the runway if following minimum distance from landing threshold exist: a) when a category I aircraft is landing behind a category I or II - 3000 feet. b) when category II aircraft is landing behind a category I or II - 4,500 feet. **2) the other aircraft has departed and crossed the runway end.** If you can determine distances by reference to suitable landmarks and the other aircraft is airborne, it need not have crossed the runway end if the following minimum distance from landing threshold exists: a) category I aircraft landing behind category I or II - 3000 feet. b) category II aircraft landing behind category I or II- 4,500 feet. c) when either is a category III aircraft - 6,000 feet. **3) when the succeeding aircraft is a helicopter, visual separation may be applied in lieu of using distance minima.**

Question 47

What does a clearance to land mean?

Answer 47

A clearance to land means that appropriate separation on the landing runway will be ensured. A landing clearance does not relieve the pilot from compliance with any previously issued restriction.

Question 48

Landing clearance without visual observation

Answer 48

When an arriving aircraft reports at a position where hel she should be seen but has not been visually observed, advise the aircraft as a part of the landing clearance that it is not in sight and restate the landing runway. Phraseology - *”NOT IN SIGHT, RUNWAY (number), CLEARED TO LAND”* **note-** aircraft observance on the CTRD satisfies the visually observed requirement

Question 49

Withholding landing clearance

Answer 49

Do not withold a landing clearance indefinitely even if it appears a violation has occurred. The apparent violation might be the result of an emergency situation. In any event, assist the pilot to the extent possible.

Question 50

Taxi instructions must be provided to the aircraft by the local controller when:

Answer 50

1) compliance w/ ATC instructions will be required before the aircraft can change to ground control or, 2) the aircraft will be required to enter an active runway in order to taxi clear of the landing runway.

Question 51

Helicopter simultaneous landings or takeoffs

Answer 51

Authorize helicopters to conduct simultaneous landings or takeoffs if the distance between the landing or takeoff points is at least **200 feet and the courses to be flown do not conflict.** Note - refer to surface marking to determine 200 foot minimum or instruct pilot to remain at least 200 feet from another helicopter

Question 52

Altitude restricted Low approach

Answer 52

A low approach with an altitude restriction of not less than 500 feet above the airport may be authorized except over an aircraft in take off position or a departure aircraft. Do not clear aircraft for restricted low approaches over personnel unless airport Authorities have advised these personnel that the approaches will be conducted. Advise the approaching aircraft of the location of applicable ground traffic, personnel, or equipment. Phraseology: **CLEARED LOW APPROACH AT OR ABOVE** (altitude). ** TRAFFIC** (description, location).