6.4 Bone Structure Flashcards

1
Q

dense, outer layer of bone; smooth and solid

A

Compact bone

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2
Q

honeycomb of flat pieces of bone deep to compact

-filled with red and yellow marrow

A

Spongy bone (trabeculae)

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3
Q

What cartilage covers articular (joint) surfaces?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

elongated shaft of long bone

A

Diaphysis

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5
Q

central cavity of long bone

-contains yellow or red marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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6
Q

the end of the long bone, attached to the shaft

A

Epiphysis

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7
Q

between the diaphysis and each epiphysis of an adult long bone
-a physical division

A

Epiphyseal line

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8
Q

a disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood to lengthen bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone

A

Periosteum

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10
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

Outer fibrous layer

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11
Q

next to the bone surface; contains osteogenic cells

A

Osteogenic layer

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12
Q

stem cells

A

Osteogenic cells

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13
Q

connective tissue membrane covering internal bone surfaces

  • Lines canals that pass through compact bone
  • Covers trabeculae of spongy bone
A

Endosteum

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14
Q

red marrow

A

Hematopoietic tissue

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15
Q

secrete osteoid (unmineralized bone matrix) composed of collagen and calcium binding proteins

A

Osteoblasts

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16
Q

mature bone cells in lacunae; monitor and maintain bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

17
Q

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix by dissolving calcium and phosphate from bones

A

Osteoclasts

18
Q

structural unit of compact bone; elongated cylinder parallel to long axis of bone

A

Osteon/Lamellar bone (Haversian system)

19
Q

hollow tube of bone matrix

-collagen fibers in adjacent rings run in different directions to resist twisting

A

Lamellae

20
Q

runs through core of osteon; contains blood vessels and nerve fibers

A

Central (Haversian) canal

21
Q

run at right angles to the central canal; connect blood vessels and nerves of periosteum, medullary cavity, and central canal
-lined with endosteum

A

Perforating (Volkmann’s) channels

22
Q

small cavities that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

23
Q

hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and central canal

A

Canaliculi

24
Q

1/3 of organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

  • made of ground substance (proteoglycans and glycoproteins) and collagen fibers
  • provides tensile strength and flexibility
A

Osteoid

25
Q

65% of bone mass

  • mainly tiny calcium phosphate crystals in and around collagen fibers
  • provides hardness and resistance to compression
A

Hydroxyapatites

26
Q

hydroxyapatites

A

Mineral salts