3.7 The Cytoplasm

Question 1

the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; the site of most cellular activities

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

the viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on cell type
ex. stored nutrients (gylcogen granules), lipid droplets in fat cells, melanin

Answer 3

Inclusions

Question 4

metabolic machinery of the cell

Answer 4

Organelles

Question 5

cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

smooth and featureless part of the mitochondria

Answer 6

Outer membrane

Question 7

part of the mitochondria that folds inward, forming shelf-like cristae

Answer 7

Inner membrane

Question 8

part of the mitochondria that protrudes into the matrix; a gel-like substance

Answer 8

Cristae

Question 9

breaks down products of food fuels

ex. glucose to water and CO2

Answer 9

Enzymes

Question 10

site of protein synthesis

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

synthesizes soluble proteins that function in cytosol or other organelles

Answer 11

Free ribosomes

Question 12

synthesizes proteins to be incorporated into membranes, lysosomes, or exported from cell

Answer 12

Membrane-bound ribosomes

Question 13

interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities (cisterns)

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

external surface studded with ribosomes

• manufactures all secreted proteins
• synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids

Answer 14

Rough ER

Question 15

network of tubules continuous with rough ER; its enzymes function in:

• lipid metabolism
• absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats

Answer 15

Smooth ER

Question 16

stacked and flattened membranous sacs

• modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids from rough ER
• transport vessels from ER fuse with cis face; proteins modified, tagged for delivery, sorted, packaged in vesicles

Answer 16

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

receiving side of golgi apparatus

Answer 17

Cis face

Question 18

shipping side of golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Trans face

Question 19

spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases); lots phagocytes
-responsible for digesting, degrading, and metabolic functions

Answer 19

Lysosomes

Question 20

rupture to destroy cells in injured or non useful tissue (a job of lysosomes)

Answer 20

Autolysis

Question 21

membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes (oxidases + catalyses); lots on liver and kidneys

• detoxify harmful or toxic substances
• neutralize dangerous dangerous free radicals

Answer 21

Peroxizomes

Question 22

highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons

Answer 22

Free radicals

Question 23

What supports the cell and helps to generate movement?

Answer 23

Cytoskeletal elements

Question 24

elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol; proteins link rods to other cell structures

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton

Question 25

thinnest of cytoskeletal elements; dynamic strands of protein actin- each cell has a unique arrangment

Answer 25

Microfilaments

Question 26

tough, rope-like protein fibers; composed of tetramer fibrils

Answer 26

Intermediate filaments

Question 27

largest of cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubes- most radiate from centrosome- composed of tubulins

Answer 27

Microtubules

Question 28

cytoskeletal element that gives strength, compression, and resistance; involved in cell motility, change in shape, endocytosis, and exocytosis

Answer 28

Microfilaments

Question 29

cytoskeletal element that resists pulling forces on cell

Answer 29

Intermediate filaments

Question 30

cytoskeletal element that supports the cell and gives it shape

Answer 30

Microtubules

Question 31

contains paired organelles called centrioles

Answer 31

Centrosome

Question 32

minute body found in pairs; active in cell division

Answer 32

Centrioles

Question 33

the microtubule organizing center

Answer 33

Centrosome

Question 34

forms the basis of cilia and flagella

Answer 34

Centrioles