3.7 The Cytoplasm Flashcards
the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; the site of most cellular activities
Cytoplasm
the viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended
Cytosol
chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on cell type
ex. stored nutrients (gylcogen granules), lipid droplets in fat cells, melanin
Inclusions
metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities
Mitochondria
smooth and featureless part of the mitochondria
Outer membrane
part of the mitochondria that folds inward, forming shelf-like cristae
Inner membrane
part of the mitochondria that protrudes into the matrix; a gel-like substance
Cristae
breaks down products of food fuels
ex. glucose to water and CO2
Enzymes
site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
synthesizes soluble proteins that function in cytosol or other organelles
Free ribosomes
synthesizes proteins to be incorporated into membranes, lysosomes, or exported from cell
Membrane-bound ribosomes
interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities (cisterns)
Endoplasmic reticulum
external surface studded with ribosomes
- manufactures all secreted proteins
- synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids
Rough ER
network of tubules continuous with rough ER; its enzymes function in:
- lipid metabolism
- absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats
Smooth ER