3.7 The Cytoplasm Flashcards
the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; the site of most cellular activities
Cytoplasm
the viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended
Cytosol
chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on cell type
ex. stored nutrients (gylcogen granules), lipid droplets in fat cells, melanin
Inclusions
metabolic machinery of the cell
Organelles
cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities
Mitochondria
smooth and featureless part of the mitochondria
Outer membrane
part of the mitochondria that folds inward, forming shelf-like cristae
Inner membrane
part of the mitochondria that protrudes into the matrix; a gel-like substance
Cristae
breaks down products of food fuels
ex. glucose to water and CO2
Enzymes
site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
synthesizes soluble proteins that function in cytosol or other organelles
Free ribosomes
synthesizes proteins to be incorporated into membranes, lysosomes, or exported from cell
Membrane-bound ribosomes
interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities (cisterns)
Endoplasmic reticulum
external surface studded with ribosomes
- manufactures all secreted proteins
- synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids
Rough ER
network of tubules continuous with rough ER; its enzymes function in:
- lipid metabolism
- absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats
Smooth ER
stacked and flattened membranous sacs
- modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids from rough ER
- transport vessels from ER fuse with cis face; proteins modified, tagged for delivery, sorted, packaged in vesicles
Golgi apparatus
receiving side of golgi apparatus
Cis face
shipping side of golgi apparatus
Trans face
spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases); lots phagocytes
-responsible for digesting, degrading, and metabolic functions
Lysosomes
rupture to destroy cells in injured or non useful tissue (a job of lysosomes)
Autolysis
membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes (oxidases + catalyses); lots on liver and kidneys
- detoxify harmful or toxic substances
- neutralize dangerous dangerous free radicals
Peroxizomes
highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons
Free radicals
What supports the cell and helps to generate movement?
Cytoskeletal elements
elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol; proteins link rods to other cell structures
Cytoskeleton
