3.7 The Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; the site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

the viscous, semitransparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on cell type
ex. stored nutrients (gylcogen granules), lipid droplets in fat cells, melanin

A

Inclusions

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4
Q

metabolic machinery of the cell

A

Organelles

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5
Q

cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

smooth and featureless part of the mitochondria

A

Outer membrane

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7
Q

part of the mitochondria that folds inward, forming shelf-like cristae

A

Inner membrane

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8
Q

part of the mitochondria that protrudes into the matrix; a gel-like substance

A

Cristae

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9
Q

breaks down products of food fuels

ex. glucose to water and CO2

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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11
Q

synthesizes soluble proteins that function in cytosol or other organelles

A

Free ribosomes

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12
Q

synthesizes proteins to be incorporated into membranes, lysosomes, or exported from cell

A

Membrane-bound ribosomes

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13
Q

interconnected tubes and parallel membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities (cisterns)

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

external surface studded with ribosomes

  • manufactures all secreted proteins
  • synthesizes membrane integral proteins and phospholipids
A

Rough ER

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15
Q

network of tubules continuous with rough ER; its enzymes function in:

  • lipid metabolism
  • absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats
A

Smooth ER

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16
Q

stacked and flattened membranous sacs

  • modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids from rough ER
  • transport vessels from ER fuse with cis face; proteins modified, tagged for delivery, sorted, packaged in vesicles
A

Golgi apparatus

17
Q

receiving side of golgi apparatus

A

Cis face

18
Q

shipping side of golgi apparatus

A

Trans face

19
Q

spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases); lots phagocytes
-responsible for digesting, degrading, and metabolic functions

A

Lysosomes

20
Q

rupture to destroy cells in injured or non useful tissue (a job of lysosomes)

A

Autolysis

21
Q

membranous sacs containing powerful enzymes (oxidases + catalyses); lots on liver and kidneys

  • detoxify harmful or toxic substances
  • neutralize dangerous dangerous free radicals
A

Peroxizomes

22
Q

highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons

A

Free radicals

23
Q

What supports the cell and helps to generate movement?

A

Cytoskeletal elements

24
Q

elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol; proteins link rods to other cell structures

A

Cytoskeleton

25
Q

thinnest of cytoskeletal elements; dynamic strands of protein actin- each cell has a unique arrangment

A

Microfilaments

26
Q

tough, rope-like protein fibers; composed of tetramer fibrils

A

Intermediate filaments

27
Q

largest of cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubes- most radiate from centrosome- composed of tubulins

A

Microtubules

28
Q

cytoskeletal element that gives strength, compression, and resistance; involved in cell motility, change in shape, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

Microfilaments

29
Q

cytoskeletal element that resists pulling forces on cell

A

Intermediate filaments

30
Q

cytoskeletal element that supports the cell and gives it shape

A

Microtubules

31
Q

contains paired organelles called centrioles

A

Centrosome

32
Q

minute body found in pairs; active in cell division

A

Centrioles

33
Q

the microtubule organizing center

A

Centrosome

34
Q

forms the basis of cilia and flagella

A

Centrioles