62-82 vt terms Flashcards
A syncretic religious and political movement which forecasts the imminent advent of the “King of Light” (the future Buddha Maitreya). As it developed, it appealed to many Han Chinese who found solace in the worship of Wusheng Laomu.
White Lotus Movement
Two wars that were waged between the Qing dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century. The first of this war in 1839-1842 was fought between Qing China and Great Britain, it was triggered by the dynasty’s campaign against the British merchants who sold opium in China.
The Opium Wars
The spreading out (like seeds) of a people group.
Ex: Israel in 70 AD and the African people from the late 1400s to the 1800s
Diaspora
The monotheistic faith in Allah and in his prophet, Muhammad
Islam
A state that controlled much of the Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Sögüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman. They toppled Constantinople to take the Eastern Roman Empire from Rome.
The Ottoman Empire
Commanded resources unprecedented in Indian history and covered almost the entire subcontinent.
From 1556 to 1707, during the heyday of its fabulous wealth and glory, it was a fairly efficient and centralized organization, with a vast complex of personnel, money, and information dedicated to the service of the emperor and his nobility.
Much of the empire’s expansion during that period was attributable to India’s growing commercial and cultural contact with the outside world.
The Mughal Empire
(1501-1736)
Ruling dynasty of Iran whose establishment of Twelver Shi‘ism as the state religion of Iran was a major factor in the emergence of a unified national consciousness among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country. The people of this dynasty were descended from Sheikh Safi al-Din (1253-1334) of Arabia, head of the Sufi order of Safaviyyeh (Safawiyyah).
Safavid dynasty
The third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. He succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expand and consolidate Mughal domains in India.
Akbar
An Ottoman sultan from 1444 to 1446 and from 1451 to 1481. A great military leader, he captured Constantinople and conquered the territories in Anatolia and the Balkans that constituted the Ottoman Empire’s heartland for the next four years.
Mehmed the Conqueror
The tenth and longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566.
Under his administration, the Ottoman caliphate ruled over at least 25 million people.
Suleyman the Magnificent
An Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic ruler with the title of caliph, a person considered a politico-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the leader of the entire Muslim world
Caliphate
A regime, kingdom or caliphate that fuses religious law and secular law to rule the people.
The idea of divine rite is connected to this concept.
Theocracy
Emperor of India from 1658 to 1707, the last of the great Mughal emperors. Under him the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, although his policies helped lead to its dissolution.
He was the third son of the emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (for whom the Taj Mahal was built).
He grew up as a serious minded and devout youth, wedded to the Muslim orthodoxy of the day and free from the royal Mughal traits of excess.
Aurangzeb
Multiple wives (marriages )… commonly practiced in the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East
Polygamy
Strong advancement advantages to direct relatives. The absolute authority held by the rulers of the Islamic empires also reflected this.
The early emperors did as they pleased, and ignored religious and social norms. The Ottoman sultans, issued legal commands on their own… this also brought succession problems.
The Steppe Traditions
