141-160 vt terms Flashcards
A radical, far-left, and revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin that split from the Menshevik faction of the Marxist
Bolshevik
Martov’s supporters, who were in the minority in a crucial vote on the question of party membership, came to be called Mensheviks, derived from the Russian меньшинство (‘minority’), while Lenin’s adherents were known as Bolsheviks, from большинство (‘majority’).
Menshevik
A major political party in the late Imperial Russia, and both phases of the Russian Revolution and early Soviet Russia
The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or Party of Socialist- Revolutionaries
The slogan of the RR
Bread, Peace, & Land
As the RR went on, Czarist forces experienced losses.. lots of losses.. they became demoralized.. the wondered why they were killing fellow Russians. They began to sympathize with a movement that was about the peasants and regular people, versus protecting the Kings (Czar’s) rights.
The Czarist Military forces
To stop obeying your military chain of command…. in the case of Russia, that would be Czarist military officers.
Mutiny
Counter Revolutionary(ies)… people (forces) not loyal to this growing Bolshevik revolution. They were loyal to the former Czar (Nickolas) and to foreign interests
White Russians
A nation that only (functionally) allows one political party to exist.
Single Party State
The prime mover behind Russian industrialization was Count Sergei Witte, minister of finance from 1892 to 1903. His first budget, submitted to the government in 1893, outlined his aims as “removing the unfavorable conditions which hamper the economic development of the country” and “kindling a healthy spirit of enterprise.” Availing himself of the full power of the state, Witte implemented policies designed to stimulate economic development. The centerpiece of his industrial policy was an ambitious program of railway construction, which linked the far-flung regions of the Russian Empire and also stimulated the development of other industries.
The Witte System
(1904–05), military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European.
Russian-Japanese War
A movement of Turkish people within the Ottoman Empire that fought the traditionalists and wanted to modernize the Empire. Ultimately the movement failed and the Ottoman Empire folded.
Young Turks
A violent riot which is aimed at the massacre or expulsion of an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The Slavic term originally entered the English language as a descriptive term for 19th- and 20th-century attacks on Jews which occurred in the Russian Empire.
Pogrom
Sometimes called the first genocide of the twentieth century, it refers to the physical annihilation of Armenian Christian people living in the Ottoman Empire from spring 1915 through autumn 1916. There were approximately 1.5 million Armenians living in the multiethnic Ottoman Empire in 1915. At least 664,000 and possibly as many as 1.2 million died during the genocide, either in massacres and individual killings, or from systematic ill treatment, exposure, and starvation.
The Armenian genocide
Was a coup d’état that resulted in the dissolution of Japan’s feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. … They wanted to unite the country under a new, centralized government in order to strengthen their army to defend against foreign influence.
The Meiji Restoration
The direct consequence of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was that the ruling Chinese Qing dynasty became even weaker and foreign influence in China continued. The Rebellion was ended when a multi-national force ended the Rebellion and China had to sign the Boxer Protocol in 1901. The Boxer Rebellion, the Boxer Uprising or the Yihetuan Movement, was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian, and anti-imperialist uprising which was staged in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Militia United in Righteousness, known as Boxers in English because many of its members had practiced Chinese martial arts, which were then referred to as Chinese boxing.
The Boxer Rebellion
