60 mass deck Flashcards
TGT will be indicated on the Power Pod when?
TGT > 793° Dif erence of 75° or more Engine Out (Ng < 55%)
When does NG appear on the power pod?
When NG exceeds 100% less than 55%/engine out, dif erence of 5%
What are the primary functions of the overspeed drain valve?
Hot start prevention, Overspeed protection, Purges fuel, Sends fuel to 12 injectors
The ____________ provides added protection from heat-seeking weapons’ systems by mixing hot exhaust with rotor downwash
UES
What drives LRUs on accessory gearbox?
Ng gas generator @variable speed
What drives Np governing?
DEC, ODV
What are the 3 main functions of the DEC
TGT limiting, Np governing, Torque matching and load sharing
Over servicing is not possible because extra oil will do what?
Flow out the filler port
The pneumatic start system uses an air turbine engine start motor for?
Engine starting
Where must the engine oil level be in flights over 6 hrs.?
Full mark
Oil from the chip detector passes through the oil cooler and is cooled by?
Transferring heat from the oil to fuel
How is the gas generator turbine connected to the accessory gear box?
The power takeoff drive assembly
The HMU operates what part of the compressor section?
Variable guide veins
What controls the electrical function of the engine and transmits systems information to the cockpit?
DEC (digital electronic control )
What is the DEC is powered by?
Alternator or aircraft power
What section of the engine mechanically drives NR?
Np
The EDECU will display a torque signal of?
25%
Is Ng mechanically linked to Np?
No
What is the connection of Np and Nr?
1- way mechanical connection via the freewheeling unit
Name the 4 modules of the engine
Cold, Hot, Power Turbine, and Accessory Gearbox 21
What drives the Accessory Gearbox?
Gas Generator (at a variable speed)
How many stages are in the compressor section?
(5 Axial, 1 Centrifugal)
What operational section of the engine drives the rotors?
NP (power turbine) (it’s a one way mechanical free-wheeling unit)
What are the 2 operational sections of the engine?
Ng and Np
How does engine oil cooling occur?
Liquid to liquid cooler, oil flow through the scroll vanes
What is the service capacity for engine oil?
7 qts
Where is the oil drawn from for the emergency oil system?
Sumps A and B
How does the oil system overcome high pressure during cold starts?
Oil filter bypass valve, liquid to liquid cooler bypass valve
Where does the engine receive its electrical power?
Engine Alternator
The engine alternator supplies AC power to what?
The ignition exciter and DEC/EDECU , and NG signal to cockpit
When does the DEC go into the 2.5-minute limiting?
When any one engine is below 50%
How does the cockpit receive the Ng signal?
From the Ng winding of the alternator
If Ng signal is lost, what happens?
Engine Out warning light, audio, and 0% Ng
Why does the fuel system operate on negative pressure?
It lessens the potential of fire in the event
the fuel system is damaged
What function of the DEC keeps NP at 100%?
NG governing
Ng governing is influenced by what input to the HMU?
T2 sensor
When will TGT Limiting not work?
Lockout, compressor stall, start up
What is variable geometry and how does it work?
HMU controlling airflow in the engine depending upon power demand
Is the APU capable of starting both engines simultaneously?
Yes, within certain ambient temperature ranges
When will fuel flow be automatically shut off to the engine during the start sequence (Hot start prevention)?
When TGT reaches 900C, ≤60% Ng, ≤50% Np
Explain Hot Start prevention
it’s a function of the DEC and ODV that automatically prevents over temp during starts by shutting down the engine
What does ODV do?
Its sequences fuel and sends it to the injectors (last stop of fuel, Np overspeed protection (120% +-1), purges fuel on shut down
What is the air sce/ht start switch do when on apu?
Uses air from APU to start the main engines
What is the air sce/ht start switch do when on eng?
Uses air from the engine to provide cabin heat
With one engine operating, what Ng and Nr must be maintained to cross bleed start the other?
90 % and
100%
How do you manually disengage the starter?
Pull down on the PCL
What controls air fuel mixture?
HMU through fuel scheduling
If power is lost to the engine, will the DEC still remain functional?
Yes, it is also supplied from the AC airframe power
Which circuit in the DEC is not powered by the alternator?
Hot Start Prevention
When is engine Inlet Anti-Icing system available?
4°C and below it must activate, may or may not activate
between 4°-13° C, not available 13°C and above
Other than bleed air, what is used to assist in the engine anti ice functions?
Hot engine oil provides a passive anti ice function
How is torque affected when anti-ice switch is ON?
You can lose up to 20% torque available, additional 5% with heater on
. How do you recognize a compressor stall?
Loud popping/banging accompanied by rapid increase in TGT and fluctuations in NG, Q, NP
Describe the fuel flow:
Pump, Fuel filter, HMU, Liquid to liquid cooler, ODV, nozzles
Describe the load demand system
Provides mechanical input directly from the collective output of the flight control mixer to the engine HMU to reduce transient engine and NR droop
Where is the pedal adjust handle located?
On the side of the instrument panel.
Which cockpit control has a telescoping (extend/retract) feature
Co-pilot’s collective
Outputs from cockpit controls are carried by mechanical linkage through the pilot assist servos to the ____________________
( MMU)
On which panel can you find both the TAIL SERVO and BACKUP HYD PUMP switches?
MISC SWITCH panel
The MMU is designed to reduce _____________
Inherent Control Coupling
Name the four mechanical mixes provided by the MMU
Collective to Pitch/Roll/Yaw, and Yaw to Pitch
Describe Collective to Pitch
MMU put fwd input into rotor disc to prevent nose-high attitude
Collective to roll
MMU makes left rotor disc input to compensate for translating tendency
Collective to Yaw
MMU inputs left pedal to compensate for torque ef ect
Yaw to pitch
As collective and A/S increase, T/R pitch decreases and visa versa.
The SERVO OFF switch has an ___ _____ to prevent both servo stages from being turned offCollective/Airspeed to Yaw
Electrical interlock
With a leak, it takes how many seconds to lose both systems?
11-13 seconds
Servos are the only thing that can______?
Jam or Hardover
How does the MMU minimize inherent control coupling?
By combining, summing, and coupling collective, pitch, roll and yaw inputs.
What is the only trim actuator that receives hydraulic power from the number 2 hydraulic system
pitch control
Why is Collective/Airspeed to Yaw mixing completely phased out when the airspeed is above 100 kts?
Due to the ef iciency of the tail rotor and cambered fin.
Moving the SERVO OFF switch from NORM to 1st STG or 2nd STG will
Turn of that stage of primary servos
What is the reason for the depressurization valve to only connect to the Backup Pump?
To reduce output pressure of the pump upon startup of the electric motor.
The No. 1 hydraulic system supplies hydraulic fluid through its transfer module to what servos?
The first stage primary servos and first stage tail rotor servo.
HYD LEAK TEST switch allows testing of the ____.
LDI
What HYD pump is the depressurization valve connected to?
Backup HYD Pump
The RSVR 1/2/Backup LOW caution illuminates when?
When there is 60% fluid remaining in the
reservoir (leak in the system).
If a tail rotor cable breaks, what caution and/or advisory would appear?
T/R QUAD FAIL caution
The No. 2 hyd. system supplies pressure through the transfer mod to what servos?
The second stage
primary servos and the pilot-assist servos.
Appearance of the BOOST SERVO OFF caution indicates what?
Loss of hydraulic pressure to the
collective and/or yaw boost servo.
What is the purpose of the APU Accumulator?
Provide a hydraulic charge to the APU start motor.
In flight, the backup pump mode automatically sets to?
The AUTO mode even if the switch is in the OFF or
ON position.
What does the backup pump supply pressure to?
No. 1 and/or No. 2 hydraulic systems, 2nd stage tail rotor servo and APU accumulator.
Name the trim actuators
Yaw, roll, collective and pitch
What FCC drives the trim actuators?
IMAGE
FCC #2
What five lights illuminate when the backup hydraulic pump is on?
RES 1 LOW
HYD PUMP 1
T/R SERVO 1
HYD PUMP 2
APU ACCUM LOW
hat are the two central components of the AFCS?
FCC’s
What does the AFCS do?
It enhances the stability and handling qualities of the helicopter and provides autopilot functions.
What FCC sends signals to the trim actuator?
FCC 2
What are the five basic subsystems of AFCS?
Stabilator, Stability Augmentation System (SAS), Trim, Flight path stabilization (FPS), Flight director (FD)
What are the additional features of AFCS?
Heading hold, Pitch and roll hover augmentation/gust alleviation, Turn coordination, Fault detection and annunciations
What are SAS actuators used for?
Used to enhance aircraft short term dynamic stability
What axis’ does SAS work in?
pitch, roll, yaw
When does SAS 1 and 2 enhance turn coordination?
When the FCC compute data at airspeeds above 50 kts
What provides long term inputs by trimming the flight controls to the position required to maintain selected flight attitude?
Outer loop—collective, pitch, roll and yaw (Trim)/FPS
What are the five basic subsystems that comprise AFCS?
Stabilator, Trim, SAS, FPS, and Coupled FD.
What type of Stability is Static associated with, Short or Long Term?
Long Term
What will the FCC’s do if A/S signal is lost?
Shut of
What is the control authority of the outer loop trim?
100% (10% per second)
Is heading hold an inner or outer loop function?
It is an outer loop, because it operates through the yaw trim actuator
What is required for proper operation of the FPS?
SAS/BOOST, TRIM and SAS1 and/or SAS 2 functions have been selected on the AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL panel
When is the heading hold reengaged following a turn when what following conditions are maintained for 2 seconds?
Roll attitude is within 2 degrees of wing level and yaw rate is less than 2 degrees per second
When will a heading hold be captured in a hover?
When yaw rate reaches zero, not when pedal switches are engaged
What are the four signals used by the FCC’s to position the Stabilator?
Collective position sensor
Lateral accelerometer
Airspeed
Pitch
Describe the Stabilator
A variable angle of incidence airfoil that enhances handling qualities in the pitch
axis in forward flight
What are the stabilator function?
● Streamlines - compensates for rotor downwash
● Collective coupling - minimize pitch excursions due to collective inputs
● Angle of Incidence - Angle of Incidence decreases as airspeed increases
● Lateral Sideslip - Sideslip to pitch coupling to reduce susceptibility to gusts
● Pitch Rate - pitch rate feedback to dampen pitch excursions
● Air data computer - Connected to pitot static system
Where does the Stabilator derive its pitch information?
The EGIs.
What employs rate damping to improve helicopter stability, 10% control authority, fast in response, and can operate without causing movement of the flight controls?
Inner loop (SAS—pitch, roll and yaw