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A-Level History - Germany > 6 - Social and Cultural Development 1924-28 > Flashcards

6 - Social and Cultural Development 1924-28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the social welfare reforms of 1924?

A

The Public Assistance System
- help to poor and destitute was modernised

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2
Q

What were the social welfare reforms of 1925?

A

State Accident Insurance
- introduced under Bismarck, helped those injured at work, extended to cover occupational diseases

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3
Q

What were the social welfare reforms of 1927?

A

National Unemployed Insurance System
- provide benefits for the unemployed, from contributions from workers and employees

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4
Q

How many war veterans, widows and orphans was the state supporting by 1926?

A
  • 800,000 veterans
  • 360,000 widows
  • 90,000 orphans
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5
Q

How did living standards change over 1924-28?

A
  • those in trade unions negotiated wage rises
  • those who lost savings in hyperinflation didn’t recover
  • farmers suffered from low prices and low wages
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6
Q

What was the ‘new woman’?

A

Sexually liberated, free and independent. Women had equal access to voting and education

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7
Q

Art in the Weimar Republic

A
  • expressionism = meaning or emotion rather than reality
  • Otto Dix and George Grosz
  • should comment on society and be understood by the ordinary
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8
Q

Literature in the Weimar Republic

A
  • themes of utilitarianism
  • All Quiet on the Western Front, Remarque 1928
  • sold 500,000 copies
  • political writing was more popular
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9
Q

Music in the Weimar Republic

A
  • Schoenberg used atonality
  • Gebrauchsmusik, music with a purpose
  • sound films, radio, gramaphones
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10
Q

Architecture in the Weimar Republic

A
  • Bauhaus style
  • Gropius developed this
  • buildings became functional
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11
Q

Theatre in the Weimar Republic

A
  • Zeittheater ‘theatre of the time’
  • Bertolt Brecht, leftist playwright
  • critical messages of Bourgeois society
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12
Q

Film in the Weimar Republic

A
  • Metropolis 1927, Fritz Lang
  • Marlene Dietrich flaunted her sexuality
  • 500 cinemas in Germany by the late 1920s
  • cinema mass entertainment
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13
Q

Cabaret in the Weimar Republic

A
  • Charleston became more popular
  • naked dancing and homosexuality
  • encompassed sexual liberation
  • charleston = democratisation, many were against
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14
Q

What was the myth of the ‘new woman’ in Employment?

A
  • constitution gave women more rights
  • 1925, 36% of workers were women
  • 1933, 100,000 teachers and 3000 doctors
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15
Q

What was the reality for women in Employment?

A
  • ‘demobilisation’ laws post war, required women to leave jobs for soldiers
  • many jobs required women to give up jobs once married
  • women paid less than men
  • married women called ‘double earners’, blamed for male unemployment
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16
Q

What was the myth of the ‘new woman’ in Sexual Freedom?

A
  • birth rate declined and birth control access increased
  • divorce rates increased
  • rise in abortions, 1 million by 1930
16
Q

What was the myth of the ‘new woman’ in Sexual Freedom?

A
  • birth rate declined and birth control access increased
  • divorce rates increased
  • rise in abortions, 1 million by 1930
17
Q

What was the reality for women in Sexual Freedom?

A
  • abortions a criminal offence, 10-12,000 estimated deaths a year
  • decline in birth rate attacked by Conservatives as ‘birth strike’
18
Q

What was the myth of the ‘new woman’ in Politics and Public Life?

A
  • equal voting rights and able to become Reichstag deputies from 1919
  • from 1924-28, 27-33 female deputies
  • women active in local government
19
Q

What was the reality for women in Politics and Public Life ?

A
  • no women became members of the cabinet
  • only KPD made gender equality a key element
  • Centre Party, DNVP and DDP got the most female votes, but they didnt prioritise feminist issues
20
Q

Who was Clara Zetkin?

A
  • KPD member of Reichstag from 1920-33
  • active in SPD before 1914
  • campaigned for women’s rights
  • organised first IWD in 1911
21
Q

Wandervogel

A
  • 1896 by Berlin school teacher
  • highly nationalistic and romanticised Germany’s past
  • hated industrialisation and cities
  • sought freedom of wild spaces
22
Q

Social Democratic Youth Movement

A
  • 1925
  • 60,000 members
  • focused on political education rather than using them for political gains
23
Q

Young Communist League (KPD)

A
  • 1925
  • voted on youth members
24
Q

Hitler Youth

A
  • only 13,000 members by 1929
25
Q

Education

A
  • Gynmasiums for those aiming for uni
  • Realschule, 6 years of school for those looking for apprenticeship
  • class divisions came from this
26
Q

Young people and unemployment

A
  • 1925-26, 17% of unemplyed were 14-21
  • baby boom in 1900s
  • many joined gangs to find support
27
Q

Jewish Life

A
  • 500,000 in Germany
  • 80% of jews lived in cities and were well educated
  • Jews dominated their industries
28
Q

Jews - politics and press

A

Theodor Wolff, editor of Berliner Tageblatt, driving force behind Walter Rathenau

29
Q

Jews - industry

A
  • Rothschilds etc owned 50% of banking
  • 16% of lawyers and 11% of doctors
  • 24% of nobel prizes awarded to Jews

A-Level History - Germany (24 decks)

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