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A-Level History - Germany > 14 - The Terror State > Flashcards

14 - The Terror State Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the Law help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • did not introduce a new legal system after 1933, only new laws
  • new courts and political organisations to deal with political opponents
  • individuals imprisoned without trial and evidence
    THEREFORE: legal principles no longer applied and law became inconsistent, treating citizens unequally
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2
Q

How did the Police System help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • made up of SS, SA, SD
  • in Weimar, state authorities controlled the police, this wasn’t scrapped but party controlled political police introduced
  • this created party confusion for institutions
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3
Q

What was the SS and who was it controlled by?

A

Hitler’s bodyguard, Himmler

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4
Q

How did the SS help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • TNOTLN established their role of identification and arrest of political opponents
  • by 1936 Himmler was Chief of German Police, controlled entire third Reich police system and concentration camps
  • SS guards deliberately brutalised to remove humanity
  • intended to be racially pure and obedient
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5
Q

What was the SD and who was it controlled by?

A

Internal security service, Heydrich

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6
Q

How did the SD help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • established 1931
  • investigated claims that the part had been infiltrated and monitoring public opinion, eg, who had voted no in plebiscites
  • was separate to Gestapo, staffed by committed Nazis
  • by 1939 had 50,000 members
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7
Q

How did the Gestapo help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • relatively small organisation of 20,000 in 1939
  • Nazi activists asked to spy on their neighbours, one on each street
  • an overwhelming amount of information so arbitrary arrest was very common
  • instilled deep fear into the people
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8
Q

What was the Gestapo before the Nazis?

A

Prussian secret police, a state body

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9
Q

How did the Courts and Justice System help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • was a problem that judges and lawyers did not belong to the party in Jan 1933, persecution against stormtroopers
  • legal associations merged with League of National Socialist Lawyers
  • Front of German Law in 1933 made it clear to lawyers they had to comply in order to secure job prospects
  • Special Courts set up in 1933 and People’s Court in 1934 for political crimes
  • 3 Nazi judges and no juries
  • 1934-39 3400 tried by people’s court
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10
Q

How did Concentration Camps help Hitler control Germany?

A
  • in 1933 70 temporary camps set up
  • early months, prisoners communists, socialists, trade unionists
  • after 1934 controlled by SS
  • after 1936 focused on undesirables
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11
Q

When was the first concentration camp set up?

A

Dachau, 1933

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12
Q

How much of a threat were the SPD to the Nazis?

A

1/10
- unprepared for takeover
- could not organise resistance to a regime that did not respect the law
- suffered SA violence throughout the March 1933 election
- by 1933 many in preventative custody or murdered
- Schumacher organised them in exile in Prauge in small groups
- Berlin Red patrol emerged
- pamphlets from Czechslovakia

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13
Q

How much of a threat were the KPD to the Nazis?

A

2/10
- Ernst Thalmann arrested
- 10% of membership killed in 1933
- revolutionary groups set up in Berlin and Hamburg

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14
Q

How much of a threat were the workers to the Nazis?

A

4/10
- before 1933 largest group in Germany and had resistance power through trade unions
- after May 1933 unions merged into DAF, run by government
- September 1935, 37 strikes in areas like Silesia
ex. 1938, Gleiwitz 114 workers arrested at munitions plant for slow working

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15
Q

How much of a threat was the Protestant Church to the Nazis?

A

5/10
- Pastors’ Emergency League in 1933 and Confessional Church in 1934 acts of resistance as lead by non Nazis from academic backgrounds
- many refused to display swastikas
- dissenting pastors had salaries stopped, not allowed to teach in schools, arrested
- by end of 1937 700 pastors imprisoned

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16
Q

What were the reasons the Protestant church did not want to merge into a Reich Church?

A
  1. protect the independence of the church
  2. attempting to resist the Aryan paragraph (purging non Aryan pastors)
  3. defending Lutheran ideology
17
Q

How much of a threat was the Catholic Church to the Nazis?

A

7/10
- more centralised and united than Protestant
- 1933 concordat granted them privilege
- 1937, Pope publishes ‘With Burning Grief’ which brought Nazi hatred on the Church
- was read from every pulpit in March 1937
- did not move beyond narrow rebellion

18
Q

How much of a threat were Young People to the Nazis?

A

2/10
- membership to the Hitler Youth became compulsory in 1936
- membership to HJ and BDM took up a lot of their time, gymnastics on Wednesday evenings
- some sung banned songs or didn’t attend meetings, but overall little threat

19
Q

How much of a threat were the Elites to the Nazis?

A
  • 1933 an alliance between businesses, Army and Conservative Politicians confirmed Nazi power
  • civil service and army served the state
  • November 1937, Hitler wanted Anchluss but Blomberg and Fritsch expressed doubt but were purged from Army roles
  • September 1938, Beck plotted to overthrow Hitler when he wanted to invade Czechslovakia
20
Q

What were the Sopade?

A

The SPD in exile, which moved from Prauge, to Paris, to London

21
Q

What did the Nazis want to do with Propaganda?

A
  • keep population contented
  • win support for policies
  • indoctrinate with their Weltanschauung
22
Q

What method of propaganda did the Nazis follow?

A
  • subtle but omnipresent
  • simple and easily understod
23
Q

What were examples of newspapers as propaganda?

A
  • Reich Association of the German Press, register of eligible journalists
  • from Oct 1933, editors had to remove anything ‘calculated to weaken the strength of the Reich abroad or at home’
24
Q

What was the message of newspapers?

A
  • all journalism to reflect Nazi messages
  • treason to spread false news so no rumors
25
Q

What was the impact of newspapers?

A
  • Eher Verlag, Nazi publishing house, took over most press
  • Nazi ownership of media grew from 3% in 1933 to 82% in 1944
26
Q

What were examples of radio as propaganda?

A
  • 1925, Reich Radio Company formed and controlled 51% of state, pre established
  • 1935, estimated audience for speeches were 56/70 million
27
Q

What was the message of radio?

A
  • directly from Hitler, his voice
  • would often address a real, outside audience rather than a studio
28
Q

What was the impact of radio?

A
  • 1939, 70% of households had a radio
  • communal loudspeakers in workplaces
29
Q

What were some examples of cinema as propaganda?

A
  • 1/6th of films were propagandist
  • 1940 - The Eternal Jew, did not perform well as very graphic
  • 1938 - Riefenstahl’s ‘Olympia’ of the Olympic Games
30
Q

What was the message of cinema?

A

all film has subtle undertones of propaganda

31
Q

What were some examples of sculpture as propaganda?

A
  • Arno Breker and Josef Thorak provided with vast studios
  • 1934, decreed that all government buildings should be adorned with sculptures
32
Q

What was the impact of sculpture?

A
  • strength and disposition of Aryan race
  • strength and muscle highly valued
33
Q

What are some examples as government buildings as propaganda?

A
  • 30 square pavilion around Nuremberg for rallies
  • plans to rebuild Berlin as Germania by 1950
  • 1937, exhibition of arts and technology build 65m tall tower
34
Q

What was the message of government buildings?

A
  • power and prowess, showed physical dominance
  • roman columns created a Reich of strength and reminder of a powerful nation
35
Q

What were some examples of books as propaganda?

A
  • May 1933, 20,000 books were burnt in the Burning of Books ceremony
  • Mein Kampf sold 6 mil copies
  • All Quiet on the Western Front banned

A-Level History - Germany (24 decks)

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