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A-Level History - Germany > 16 - Social Policies in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

16 - Social Policies in Nazi Germany Flashcards

young people, women, workers and churches

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1
Q

What was the Volksgemeinschaft?

A
  • only Aryans could be citizens
  • no social classes, working for the good of the state
  • social and cultural revolution
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2
Q

How does Volksgemeinschaft link to Nationalism?

A
  • building a Nazi race based on race and struggle
  • made some groups outsiders
  • relaunches a new and improved Germany
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3
Q

What united people into the Volksgemeinschaft?

A
  • racial ideology
  • people’s community
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4
Q

Aims of Nazi Youth Policy

A
  1. indoctrinate from the age of 4 using youth movements and education to impose values
  2. scorned intellectual learning and placed importance on physical strength and obediance
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5
Q

National Socialist Teacher’s League

A
  • expected to join if a teacher
  • process of indoctrination easier
  • 1936, 32% of teachers party members
  • anyone disloyal was sacked
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6
Q

How was anti-intellectualism fulfilled in education?

A
  • from 1933-39, students in higher education fell from 113,000 to 57,000
  • in 1944, this rose again to 82,000 students with 49% being female
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7
Q

How was anti-semitism fulfilled in education?

A
  • eugenics were taught in schools and universities
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8
Q

How was indifference to the weak fulfilled in education?

A
  • by 1936, students were expected to do 2 hours of PE a day
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9
Q

How was nationalism fulfilled in education?

A
  • Bernard Rust (education minister) said that individuals must be ready to sacrifice themselves for the state
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10
Q

How was militarism fulfilled in education?

A
  • NAPOLAs set up for boys 10-18 to be future leaders
  • 21 in 1938 and 39 by 1943
  • 1937, Adolf Hitler Schools to rival NAPOLAs by Youth Leader Schirach and Robert Ley
  • selected on physical appearance and leadership
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11
Q

How was obedience and discipline fulfilled in education?

A
  • Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service April 1933
  • 1200 teachers dismissed, 33% racial grounds, 56% political
  • students to join the German Student’s League but 25% ignored
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12
Q

How was Hitler Worship fulfilled in education?

A
  • November 1933, uni lecturers to sign declaration in support of Hitler
  • new hires of universities had to attend a 6 week ideological and physical camp
  • by 1937, 97% of teachers in NSTL
  • by 1938, 2/3 of teachers had attended a month long training
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13
Q

How was the Hitler Youth created?

A
  • 1926, but initially unsuccessful until 1933
  • by 1936 Law for the Incorporation of German Youth made it equal to education in status and a monopoly on sports facilities also 1936
  • most groups banned in 1933 but Catholic youths in 1936
  • compulsory by 1939
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14
Q

What was the Nazi Ideology towards women?

A
  • women to be producers of babies
  • women to stay at home
  • support family and traditional, rural society
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15
Q

What were eugenics?

A

Studies of genetic and racial purity, not scientific but presented to be

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16
Q

What was the Nazi slogan towards women?

A

Kinder, Kirche, Kitche (children, church, cooking)

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17
Q

Births - aims

A

Increase the number of pure German births

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18
Q

Births - measures 1933-39

A
  • financial incentives such as loans that reduced by 1/4 per baby
  • propaganda like Mother’s Cross
  • higher taxes on childless children
  • restricted information on contraception
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19
Q

What was the Mother’s Cross?

A

A reward for women with multiple children
4-5 Bronze
6-7 Silver
8+ Gold

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20
Q

Births - measures 1939-45

A

Lebensborn programme introduced, 11,000 born from it

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21
Q

Births - effects and overall

A
  • BR rose from 33-39 then declined
  • increase could be due to the economic recovery
  • BR did not reach Weimar levels
  • eugenics reduced potential
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22
Q

Marriage - aims

A

Increase the number of suitable marriages

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23
Q

Marriage - measures 1933-39

A
  • 1933, 600 RM loan if married and unemployed
  • 1937 extended to working women
  • Oct 1935, Blood Protection Law, marriage to black people, Jewish people and gypsies banned
  • 1938 Marriage Law extended grounds of divorce
24
Q

Marriage - measures 1939 - 45

A
  • 1941 couples living together before marriage sent to concentration camps
25
Q

Marriage - effects and overall

A
  • 1932: 516,000 marriages
  • 1934: 740,000 marriages
  • could be due to economic success
26
Q

Welfare - aims

A

Develop healthy Germans

27
Q

Welfare - measures 1933-39

A
  • NSV (National Socialist Welfare Organisation) central by 1933
  • expansions of health offices, medicine and racial care
28
Q

Welfare - measures 1939-45

A
  • improved childcare facilities particularly for working mothers
29
Q

Welfare - effects and overall

A
  • infant mortality dropped from 7.7% in 1933 to 6.6% in 1936
  • NSV ran by women, improved welfare
30
Q

Education - aims

A

Prepare women for their proper role and restrict opportunity

31
Q

Education - measures 1933-39

A
  • female university enrolment 10%
32
Q

Education - measures 1939-45

A
  • restriction dropped
33
Q

Education - effects and overall

A
  • WW2, number of women at uni increase
  • demand for workers and soldiers grew
34
Q

Employment - aims

A

reduce female employment

35
Q

Employment - measures 1933-39

A
  • 1933 women in civil jobs and medical service dismissed
  • 1936 banned from being lawyers and judges
36
Q

Employment - measures 1939-45

A
  • 1939 compulsory agricultural labour service for women under 25
  • women only told to join war effort in 1942 (17-45 year olds)
37
Q

Employment- effects and overall

A
  • number of women in employment rose throughout war
  • 1943, Speer proposes to conscript women but told no by Hitler as it would reduce morale
  • main impact on professionals
38
Q

Public Life - aims

A

Incorporate women into Volksgemeinschaft

39
Q

Public Life - measures 1933-39

A
  • no female Nazis in Reichstag
  • 2 women’s organisations : DFW, German Women’s league, coordinate into Nazi views
40
Q

Public life - measures 1939-45

A
  • support for war effort, ex. donations for Russian Front
41
Q

Public Life - effects and overall

A
  • increased female participation in Nazi bodies
  • excluded from decision making
42
Q

What were the complications of merging the churches?

A
  • Nazis wanted Fuhrer as the centre, would go against God
  • religion was deep-rooted in some communities and people could be resistant to changes
  • division of faith, 58% protestant and 32% catholic
  • Catholic Church part of a wider, universal movement led by Pope
43
Q

Why would the Nazis respect the churches?

A
  • similar moralistic views of family and marriage
  • to control, would need to initially embrace
  • recognition of the church support
44
Q

What were the activities of the Hitler Youth?

A
  • swearing personal allegiance to the Fuhrer
  • ‘live faithfully, fight bravely and die fighting’
  • singing Nazi songs, reading political pamphlets
  • camping trips and hiking, military drill
45
Q

How did the Nazis control the Protestant Church?

A
  • supported the church, 2/3 of the Prussian synod was wearing the nazi uniform in 1933
  • ludwig miller elected in 1933, but 100 pastors broke away to form the confessional church 1934
  • required pastors to take an oath to Hitler, 2 arrested
46
Q

How was the Hitler Youth successful?

A
  • outlet to teenage rebellions
  • membership from almost 60,000 in Jan 1933 to over 2 million by December
  • camping and sport attractive to boys who had grown up without another system
  • many would join against their anti Nazi parent wishes
47
Q

How was the HJ unsuccessful?

A
  • by late 1930s, attendance to parades slipped as people resented the bureaucratic nature
48
Q

What was the BDM?

A

The female equivalent to HJ, compulsory in 1939
- taught to be healthy mothers and wives
- dancing, gymnastics, cooking and sewing
- annual summer camps with sport and indoctrination

49
Q

How was the BDM successful?

A
  • brought together from a variety of backgrounds
  • increasingly more time outside of the home
50
Q

How was the BDM unsuccessful?

A
  • compulsory land/domestic service for women under 25 that was very unpopular
51
Q

What did the KdF aim to do?

A
  • organise workers free time through the DAF
  • encourage people to see themselves as part of the Volksgemeinschaft
  • social equality encouraged as no class system in activities
  • break down regional divides
52
Q

What was the SdA?

A

Beauty of Labour
- bettered working conditions for the people
- wanted people to work harder
- workplace sports facilities and hot meals
- by 1938, 34000 workplaces had improved
BUT - workers largely had to bear the brunt of improvements, ex. painting factory themselves with no extra pay

53
Q

What was Prora?

A
  • a Nazi holiday resort constructed from 1936-39
  • 8 blocks holding 20,000 workers a week
  • was never realised, completely uninhabited
54
Q

How did the nazis control the catholic church?

A
  • concordat 1933, Vatican recognised the regime and would not interfere, vice versa
  • centre party dissolved
55
Q

How did the nazis attempt to weaken the Protestant church?

A
  • Gauleiters engaged in anti church activities, abandoned as not successful
  • in Bavaria Grus gott was said instead of heil hitler
56
Q

How did the Nazis attempt to weaken the Catholic Church?

A
  • 1936, church groups abandoned and Hitler youth compulsory
  • 200 priests accused of sexual activity and put on trial
  • only 5% of children in church schools by 1937
57
Q

How did the Nazis try to replace the churches?

A

Reich church was created in 1933

A-Level History - Germany (24 decks)

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