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A-Level History - Germany > 11 - The Appointment of Hitler as Chancellor > Flashcards

11 - The Appointment of Hitler as Chancellor Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Muller’s coalition collapse?

A

March 1930

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2
Q

Why did Muller’s Grand Coalition collapse?

A
  • state budget in severe deficit, SPD wanting to raise tax and protect benefit, DVP want to reduce benefit
  • large amount of parties together
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3
Q

What were the democratic issues with the Weimar Constitution?

A
  • article 48, President with undisputed power
  • proportional representation
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4
Q

How did rise in extremism help Hitler become Chancellor?

A
  • votes polarised, KPD and Nazis experiencing success
  • extremist groups wanted to overthrow democracy
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5
Q

What is the democratic process to Hitler becoming Chancellor?

A
  1. parliamentary, Muller leads a coalition
  2. presidential, series of Chancellors with little Reichstag support
  3. dictatorship, Hitler as Chancellor then Fuhrer
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6
Q

What did Hitler and the elites agree on?

A
  • anti - communist
  • right wing
  • anti ToV
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7
Q

What kept Hitler and the elites apart?

A
  • class divide
  • nationality (Hitler was Austrian)
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8
Q

What did Hindenburg call Hitler?

A

‘Bohemian Corporal’
- Bohemia, German state with large traveller population
- shock about Hitler’s rank

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9
Q

What was the evidence that Bruning did his best?

A
  • suspended reparation payments in July 1931
  • when forced to resign, was close to reaching his aims
  • held elections in Sep 1930
  • ministers from Muller’s coalition
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10
Q

What evidence was there that Bruning was undemocratic?

A
  • excluded the SPD
  • often ruled by article 48 rather than through the Reichstag
  • planned to restore the monarchy
  • april 1932, banned the SA
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11
Q

When was Bruning in power?

A

March 1930 - May 1932

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12
Q

What were Bruning’s policies?

A
  • deflationary tactics, allowing depression to get so bad to the point that reparations were ended
  • tried to reverse well-being policies to reduce deficit (38% lower in 32 compared to 38)
  • pressed for a disarmament conference, but didn’t happen until 7 months after his removal
  • depression got so bad that unemployment over 6 million for first time
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13
Q

What was Bruning’s downfall?

A
  • ban on SA in April 1932, Schleicher was worried this would cause an uprising
  • Nazis were the second largest party, needed for government to function
  • proposed to share land out, but this upset elites
  • Hindenburg’s support is lost
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14
Q

When does Bruning resign?

A

30th May 1932

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15
Q

Who takes power after Bruning?

A

Franz von Papen

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16
Q

What was Papen’s cabinet of Barons?

A

Was dominated by landowners and industrialists, not many members of the Reichstag
Only 3 non noble, 6 nobles

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17
Q

Why did Hitler agree to not oppose Papen’s government?

A
  1. dissolution of Reichstag and calling fresh elections
  2. end of government ban on the SA and SS
18
Q

When did Papen organise an election for?

A

31st July 1932

19
Q

What percentage of votes did the Nazis recieve in July 1932?

A

37.3%

20
Q

What did Papen do on 20th July 1932?

A

Abolished the Prussian regional government and appointed himself Reich Comissioner

21
Q

What was the significance of 20th July 1932?

A
  1. arbitrary and unconstitutional act
  2. replaced parliamentary government with presidential authoritarian government
22
Q

What were the differences between the Sept 1930 and July 1932 election?

A
  • higher turnout, 31 more seats in the Reichstag
  • Nazis gained 132 seats and SPD lost 10
  • KPD still popular with 89 seats
23
Q

How had the Nazis upped their percentage so significantly?

A

By tapping into those who would not normally vote

24
Q

What proportion of seats in July 1932 were pro vs anti Weimar?

A

pro - 39.5%
KPD and Nazi - 51.6%

25
Q

What problems did the July 1932 election cause Papen?

A

His cabinet didn’t include any Nazis, ‘will of the people’, so he invites Hitler to join his cabinet

26
Q

What did Hitler demand after the July 1932 election?

A

To be Chancellor, Hindenburg quickly refused

27
Q

What happened on September 1932?

A

Vote of no confidence against Papen, 521 to 42. Reichstag is dissolved and an election is called for November

28
Q

What happened at the 1932 election?

A
  • Nazi support declines by 2 million votes, 34 seats
  • still largest part in Reichstag
  • Papen lost support from army and wanted to ban KPD and Nazi and rule authoritarian
  • Schleicher removes support and Papen resigns
29
Q

When was Schleicher in office?

A

December 1932 - January 1933

30
Q

What did Schleicher do when in power?

A

Wanted to form a coalition with Hitler, thought bankruptcy could convince him. He communicated with Strasser, but Strasser was quickly removed.

31
Q

What were Schleicher’s policies?

A
  • cut wages and benefits due to improving economy
  • requested suspension of Reichstag
  • Hindenburg refused, Schleicher resigns
32
Q

What was Hitler’s journey to becoming Chancellor?

A
  • talks between Hitler, Papen and Hindenburg
  • Hugenburg of DNVP to support would support Nazi lead coalition
  • Hitler as Chancellor, Papen as Vice
  • Hungenburg as Food and Economics Minister
33
Q

How responsible was Hindenburg for undermining democracy?

A
  • dismissed many Chancellors
  • allowed himself to be influenced by Schleicher and Oskar
  • appointed unelected officials
    HOWEVER
  • 85 at the time and suffering from Cancer
  • is democratically elected
34
Q

How responsible was Hindenburg for bringing Hitler to power?

A
  • appointed him as Chancellor in Jan 1933
35
Q

How responsible was Bruning for undermining democracy?

A
  • excluded SPD from government when elected in March 1930
  • tried to reverse welfare policies to reduce government deficit, which went 38% lower in 1932 compared to 1928
  • July 1930, dissolves Reichstag for more elections
  • used article 48 to govern
  • attempts to ban KPD and Nazis
36
Q

How responsible was Bruning for bringing Hitler to power?

A
  • new elections allowed Nazis to politically break into mainstream, by July 1932 had doubled electoral support
  • deflation policies encouraged people to vote Nazi
37
Q

How responsible was Papen for undermining democracy?

A
  • not elected into power, ‘cabinet of barons’
  • no members of the Reichstag in his cabinet
  • July 1932, made himself Reich Commissioner of Prussia
  • closes Reichstag after voting of no confidence
  • attempts to ban KPD and Nazi
38
Q

How was Papen responsible for bringing Hitler to power?

A
  • agrees to be Vice Chancellor under Hitler
  • involved in the conversation to make Hitler Chancellor
  • unbans the SA
39
Q

How was Schleicher responsible for undermining democracy?

A
  • removes the military support for Papen causing resignation
  • convinces Hindenburg to remove support for Papen
  • encourages Hindenburg
40
Q

How was Schleicher responsible for bringing Hitler to power?

A
  • attempted to negotiate with Strasser

A-Level History - Germany (24 decks)

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