17 - Radicalisation of the State Flashcards
What were the phases of radicalisation?
- legal revolution
- creation of new Germany
- radical state
What happened in phase 2 of radicalisation?
- propaganda of a united Germany
- anti-semitism stopped for the 1936 Berlin Olympics
- avoiding confronting the big groups
- still fear of public opinion abroad
What was Christian anti - Judaism?
- accused of deicide, responsible for killing Jesus and in line with the devil
- sought to convert Jews to Christianity
- support all over Europe in middle ages, allowed the Nazis to operate without criticism
What was Philology?
- differences in language suggested certain races were above others
- suggested some cultures were more advanced than others
- took Darwinism out of context
What was Anthropology?
- a new social science that studied human biology
- different people come from different cultures
What was Darwinism?
- the weak should be submissive to the dominant
- Jews were strangers in society
- divided races, the Aryan were the superior of the white races
Sterilisation of the Mentally Ill and Disabled
- July 1933 Law for the Prevention of Hereditary diseased Offspring
- stopped people with illnesses like Schizophrenia and blindness from - having children
- later amended to include children over 10, and force on those over 14
- 2 years later allowed abortion for those deemed unworthy - 1936 x ray sterilisation of women over 38 introduced to prevent ilnesses
- Ban on contraception for Aryan women and girls
- Hereditary health courts decided in around 10 mins
- 60% of those sterilised described as ‘feeble minded’
How many people were sterilised over the Third Reich?
400,000
Why was homosexuality frowned upon?
- was thought to threaten Germany’s position
- offended high ranking Nazis
How had homosexuality developed in the Weimar Republic?
In Berlin, homosexuality had flourished with clubs and bars
How did the Nazis suppress homosexuality?
- 1935, amended the law on homosexuality and 22,000 imprisoned from 36-38
- 1936, Reich central office for the combatting of homosexuality
- on average 10 SS officers would be found gay a year eg. Rohm
- gays would be sent to CCs and wear pink triangles
- overall 100,000 men arrested and 60% of gay inmates killed
Who were the asocials?
- workshy
- gypsies
- beggars
- prostitutes
- alcoholics
- homosexuals
- vagrants
What did the Nazis do to the Vagrants?
1936 - 300,000-500,000 were rounded up and the orderly were given work permits and forced to work for accommodation, disorderly sent to Concentration camps
What did the Nazis do to the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
- around 30,000 in Germany
- could only obey God so went against Nazi belief
- by 1945 10,000 imprisoned in camps with many dying
What did the Nazis do to mormons/ 7th day adventists?
Nothing
- 7DAs agreed to display swastikas and remove ‘Jewish language’ from thr old testament
What did the Nazis do to the travellers?
- 30,0000 gypsies in German
- 1935, Nuremberg Laws to apply to gypsies
- 1936, Reich Central Office for the Fight Against the Gypsy Nuisance
- 1938, Decree for the struggle against the Gypsy Plague
- 1939, war breaks out and gypsies deported to Poland
When did Euthanasia for the mentally and physically ill become legal?
October 1938, ‘unproductive burden’
What was the T4 programme?
- a development of the euthanasia programme started in Oct 1939
- 200,000 murdered
- 3 doctors and mark for death or survival
How did the euthanasia programme develop?
- letter sent to Phillip Bouhler about disabled child
- Hitler sent Karl Brandt to examine and he felt euthanasia was necessary, Bouhler at forefront of coming operation
How were children euthanized?
- starved to death
- lethal injection
parents told children had died despite proper care
How many children were euthanized?
5000
How did the T4 programme ended?
- July 1940, protest from Churches
- 2nd Dec, statement from Rome, against ‘the natural and positive law of God’
- 3rd August 1941, Galen preached against and was widely distributed
- T4 came to an end 24th August 1941
How did the Volksgemeinchaft link to radicalisation?
- to be a member of the Volk, you must be a ‘pure German’
- to protect the Volk, they must eliminate those who aren’t
How did Lebensraum link to radicalisation?
- expanding space for the white superior race
- support in Germany as felt it was overcrowded
- wanted to conquer in the East where there was fertile land and raw materials
- would enable race annihilation
