6 Muscular System

Question 1

machines of the body

Answer 1

muscles

Question 2

essential function of a muscle

Answer 2

contraction/shortening

Question 3

types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 4

how do the different muscle tissues differ?

Answer 4

cell structure
body location
how they are stimulated to contract

Question 5

how do muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles?

Answer 5

they insert into the skin or other muscle instead of into bone

Question 6

muscles of the head

Answer 6

facial expression
mastication
eye
neck

Question 7

what do neck muscles primarily move?

Answer 7

head and shoulder girdle

Question 8

five golden rules of skeletal muscle activity

Answer 8

1. cross at least one joint (w/ a few exceptions)
2. bulk of muscle lies proximal to joint crossed
3. have at least 2 point of attachment:
   origin & insertion
4. skeletal muscles only pull; never push
5. during contraction, insertion moves toward origin

Question 9

origin

Answer 9

point where skeletal muscle is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone

Question 10

insertion

Answer 10

point where skeletal muscle is attached to the moveable bone

Question 11

point where skeletal muscle is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone

Answer 11

origin

Question 12

point where skeletal muscle is attached to the moveable bone

Answer 12

insertion

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the joint and brings two bones closer together

Question 14

typical flexion movement

Answer 14

hinge joints (knee and elbow) and ball-and-socket joints (bending forward at hip)

Question 15

extension

Answer 15

a movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of body (straightening knee or elbow)

Question 16

a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the joint and brings two bones closer together

Answer 16

flexion

Question 17

opposite of flexion

Answer 17

extension

Question 18

a movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of body

Answer 18

extension

Question 19

hyperextension

Answer 19

an extension that is greater than 180 degrees; movement beyond anatomical position or pointing chin toward ceiling

Question 20

an extension that is greater than 180 degrees

Answer 20

hyperextension

Question 21

rotation

Answer 21

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Question 22

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Answer 22

rotation

Question 23

abduction

Answer 23

moving a limb away from the midline or medial plane of the body (generally on the frontal plane); also applies to the fanning movement of the fingers or toes when spread apart

Question 24

fanning movement of the fingers or toes when spread apart

Answer 24

abduction

Question 25

ing a limb away from the midline or medial plane of the body (generally on the frontal plane)

Answer 25

abduction

Question 26

adduction

Answer 26

movement of a limb toward the body midline

Question 27

opposite of abduction

Answer 27

adduction

Question 28

movement of a limb toward the body midline

Answer 28

adduction

Question 29

circumduction

Answer 29

proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle; combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 30

proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle

Answer 30

circumduction

Question 31

combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Answer 31

circumduction; proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle

Question 32

dorsiflexion

Answer 32

lifting foot so superior surface approaches the shin

Question 33

standing on heels

Answer 33

dorsiflexion

Question 34

lifting the foot so superior surface approaches the shin

Answer 34

dorsiflexion

Question 35

plantar flexion

Answer 35

depressing the foot (pointing toes)

Question 36

depressing the foot

Answer 36

plantar flexion

Question 37

pointing the toes

Answer 37

plantar flexion

Question 38

dorsiflexion of the foot corresponds to what of the hand?

Answer 38

extension of the hand at the wrist

Question 39

plantar flexion of the foot corresponds to what of the hand

Answer 39

flexion of the hand

Question 40

extension of the hand at the wrist corresponds to what of the foot

Answer 40

dorsiflexion

Question 41

flexion of the hand corresponds to what of the foot

Answer 41

plantar flexion

Question 42

inversion

Answer 42

turning the sole of the foot medially

Question 43

eversion

Answer 43

turning the sole of the foot laterally

Question 44

turning the sole of the foot medially

Answer 44

inversion

Question 45

turning the sole of the foot laterally

Answer 45

eversion