6 Muscular System Flashcards
machines of the body
muscles
essential function of a muscle
contraction/shortening
types of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
how do the different muscle tissues differ?
cell structure
body location
how they are stimulated to contract
how do muscles of facial expression differ from most skeletal muscles?
they insert into the skin or other muscle instead of into bone
muscles of the head
facial expression
mastication
eye
neck
what do neck muscles primarily move?
head and shoulder girdle
five golden rules of skeletal muscle activity
- cross at least one joint (w/ a few exceptions)
- bulk of muscle lies proximal to joint crossed
- have at least 2 point of attachment:
origin & insertion - skeletal muscles only pull; never push
- during contraction, insertion moves toward origin
origin
point where skeletal muscle is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone
insertion
point where skeletal muscle is attached to the moveable bone
point where skeletal muscle is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone
origin
point where skeletal muscle is attached to the moveable bone
insertion
flexion
a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the joint and brings two bones closer together
typical flexion movement
hinge joints (knee and elbow) and ball-and-socket joints (bending forward at hip)
extension
a movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of body (straightening knee or elbow)
a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the joint and brings two bones closer together
flexion
opposite of flexion
extension
a movement that increases the angle, or the distance, between two bones or parts of body
extension
hyperextension
an extension that is greater than 180 degrees; movement beyond anatomical position or pointing chin toward ceiling
an extension that is greater than 180 degrees
hyperextension
rotation
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
rotation
abduction
moving a limb away from the midline or medial plane of the body (generally on the frontal plane); also applies to the fanning movement of the fingers or toes when spread apart
fanning movement of the fingers or toes when spread apart
abduction
ing a limb away from the midline or medial plane of the body (generally on the frontal plane)
abduction
adduction
movement of a limb toward the body midline
opposite of abduction
adduction
movement of a limb toward the body midline
adduction
circumduction
proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle; combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle
circumduction
combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
circumduction; proximal end of limb is stationary while distal end moves in a circle
dorsiflexion
lifting foot so superior surface approaches the shin
standing on heels
dorsiflexion
lifting the foot so superior surface approaches the shin
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
depressing the foot (pointing toes)
depressing the foot
plantar flexion
pointing the toes
plantar flexion
dorsiflexion of the foot corresponds to what of the hand?
extension of the hand at the wrist
plantar flexion of the foot corresponds to what of the hand
flexion of the hand
extension of the hand at the wrist corresponds to what of the foot
dorsiflexion
flexion of the hand corresponds to what of the foot
plantar flexion
inversion
turning the sole of the foot medially
eversion
turning the sole of the foot laterally
turning the sole of the foot medially
inversion
turning the sole of the foot laterally
eversion
