Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > 3 Cells > Flashcards

3 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

cell

A

the structural and functional unit of all living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the structural and functional unit of all living things

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the three major regions/parts of all animal cells

A

nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm

A

the three major regions of all animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the fluid between the cells

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

interstitial fluid

A

the fluid between the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

orientation of the three main regions of the generalized cell

A

the nucleus is located near the center
it is surrounded by the semifluid cytoplasm
which in turn is enclosed by the plasma membrane which forms the outer cell boundry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleus

A

the control center of the cell; site of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the control center of the cell

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what part of the cell is the site of the genes (DNA)?

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is like the blueprint that contains all of the instructions needed for building the whole body?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what has the instructions for building proteins?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to a cell that has lost or ejected its nucleus?

A

it is programmed to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the three recognizable regions of the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope
nucleoli
chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nuclear envelope
nucleoli
chromatin

A

the three recognizable structures of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is bounded by the double membrane barrier of the nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)?

A

the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nuclear membrane

A

binds the nucleus in its porous double barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

binds the nucleus in its double barrier

A

nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the nucleus is bounded by what?

A

a double layer porous membrane called the nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

another name for nuclear membrane

A

nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

another name for nuclear envelope

A

nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope?

A

a fluid-filled space (like a moat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

at various points where the two layers of the nuclear membrane fuse, what penetrates through the fused regions?

A

nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

nuclear pores

A

tiny holes in the double wall of the nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the jelly-like fluid in which nuclear elements are suspended

A

nucleoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nucleoplasm

A

enclosed by the nuclear membrane; the jelly-like fluid in which other nuclear elements are suspended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nucleoli

A

one or more small, dark staining round bodies in the nucleus; the sites where ribosomes are assembled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

one or more small, dark staining round bodies in the nucleus

A

nucleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

assembly site for ribosomes

A

nucleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

protein-synthesizing “factories”

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ribosomes

A

assembled in the nucleoli and particularly abundant in the cytoplasm; protein-synthesizing “factories”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where are ribosomes particularly abundant?

A

the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what do the large nuclear pores of the nuclear membrane permit?

A

permit large molecules such as protein and RNA molecules to pass easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the nuclear membrane is similar to other membranes except for what?

A

except it has particularly large nuclear pores to allow large molecules such as protein and RNA molecules to pass easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

when a cell is not dividing, its genetic material is in a threadlike form called this

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

chromatin

A

the threadlike form a cells genetic material is in when it is not dividing

37
Q

where is chromatin located?

A

it is scattered throughout the nucleus

38
Q

what happens to chromatin when the cell is dividing to form two daughter cells?

A

the chromatin threads coil and condense to form dense, rodlike bodies called chromosomes

39
Q

plasma membrane

A

the flexible, fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment

40
Q

the flexible, fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment

A

plasma membrane

41
Q

what does the structure of the plasma membrane consist of?

A

two lipid (fat) layers arranged “tail to tail” in which protein molecules float

42
Q

the structure of this is two lipid (fat) layers arranged “tail to tail” in which protein molecules float

A

plasma membrane

43
Q

why is the plasma membrane described in a “fluid mosaic model”?

A

because the proteins, some of which are free to move, form a constantly changing pattern, or mosaic

44
Q

most of the lipid portion of the plasma membrane is what?

A

phospholipids (some with attached sugar groups)

45
Q

besides phospholipids, a substantial amount of what else is found in the plasma membrane?

A

cholesterol

46
Q

the general function of nucleoli?

A

nucleoli are the sites of synthesis of ribosomes, which are important in protein synthesis

47
Q

what orients the polar heads and nonpolar tails of the phospholipid molecules in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

A

the polar heads are hydrophilic and orient outward and inward toward the intracellular and extracellular fluids; the nonpolar tails are hydrophobic and line up oriented inward

48
Q

what does the cholesterol help do in the plasma membrane?

A

keeps the membrane fluid

49
Q

what is the advantage of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic orientation of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane?

A

the self-orienting properties allow the membranes to reseal themselves when torn; makes the membrane relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules

50
Q

what are responsible for most of the specialized functions of the plasma membrane?

A

the proteins scattered in the lipid bilayer

51
Q

besides protecting the cell, what else does the plasma membrane do?

A

determines which substances may enter or leave the cell and in what amount

52
Q

what determines which substances may enter or leave the cell and in what amount?

A

plasma membrane

53
Q

most proteins that span the plasma membrane are involved in what activity?

A

transport

54
Q

what is the major building material of the cell?

A

protein

55
Q

living matter is over 60% what?

A

water

56
Q

what percent of living matter is water?

A

60%

57
Q

a cell is composed of primarily which elements?

A

C Carbon
H Hydrogen
O Oxygen
N Nitrogen

58
Q

what is the plasma membrane composed of?

A

a lipid bilayer containing proteins

59
Q

what kind of proteins are many of the proteins in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

A

glycoproteins

60
Q

what do the proteins in the plasma membrane do?

A

Act as enzymes or carriers in membrane transport
Form membrane channels
Provide receptor sites for hormones & other
chemicals (inc. bacteria, virus, toxins)
Play a role in cell-to-cell recognition & interactions
during development and immune reactions

61
Q

glycoprotein

A

branching sugar groups attached to most of the proteins abutting the extracellular space “sugar-proteins”

62
Q

branching sugar groups attached to most of the proteins abutting the extracellular space

A

glycoproteins

63
Q

“sugar-proteins”

A

glycoproteins

64
Q

create a fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich area on the cell surface called glycocalyx

A

glycoproteins

65
Q

what is the purpose of protein channels (tiny pores formed by clustered proteins) in the plasma membrane?

A

water and small water-soluble molecules or ions can move through

66
Q

the three ways cells are typically bound together

A

Glycoproteins in the glycocalyx act as an adhesive
Wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells fit together in a tongue-and-groove fashion
Special membrane junctions are formed which vary structurally depending on their roles

67
Q

glycocalyx

A

the fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich surface of the plasma membrane caused by the presence of glycoproteins

68
Q

the three common types of membrane junctions

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

69
Q

Impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leak-proof sheets that prevent substance from passing through the extracellular space between cells.

A

Tight junctions

70
Q

Tight junctions

A

Impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leak-proof sheets that prevent substance from passing through the extracellular space between cells.

71
Q

In these types of membrane junctions, adjacent plasma membranes fuse together tightly like a zipper.

A

Tight junctions

72
Q

In the small intestine, these types of membrane junctions prevent digestive enzymes from seeping into the bloodstream.

A

Tight junctions

73
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring membrane junctions scattered like rivets along the sides of abutting cells.

74
Q

Anchoring membrane junctions scattered like rivets along the sides of abutting cells.

A

Desmosomes

75
Q

what type of membrane junctions prevent cells subjected to mechanical stress (like skin cells) from being pulled apart?

A

Desmosomes

76
Q

Structurally, these membrane junctions are buttonlike thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes (plaques), which are connected by fine protein filaments

A

Desmosomes

77
Q

desmosomes, structurally

A

membrane junctions are buttonlike thickenings of adjacent plasma membranes (plaques), which are connected by fine protein filaments. Thicker protein filaments (“guy wires”) form the internal connection between the inner walls.

78
Q

In desmosomes, Thicker protein filaments extend from the plaques inside the cells to the plaques on the cell’s opposite sides, forming an internal system of strong ________________

A

strong “guy wires”.

79
Q

“guy wires”

A

In desmosomes, Thicker protein filaments extend from the plaques inside the cells to the plaques on the cell’s opposite sides, forming an internal system of strong “guy wires”

80
Q

gap junctions

A

the neighboring cells are connected by hollow cylinders composed of proteins (called connexons) that span the entire width of the abutting membranes

81
Q

in these membrane junctions, the neighboring cells are connected by hollow cylinders composed of proteins that span the entire width of the abutting membranes

A

gap junctions

82
Q

connexons

A

in gap junctions, hollow cylinders composed of proteins create water-filled channels that span the entire width of the abutting cell

83
Q

in gap junctions, hollow cylinders composed of proteins create water-filled channels that span the entire width of the abutting cell

A

connexons

84
Q

what kind of membrane junctions function mainly to allow communication?

A

gap junctions

85
Q

what kind of membrane junctions are commonly seen in the heart and between embryonic cells?

A

gap junctions

86
Q

In which membrane junctions can chemical molecules, such as nutrients or ion, pass directly through the water-filled connexon channels from one cell to another?

A

gap junctions

87
Q

microvilli

A

tiny finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface to increase the surface area of the cell for absorption

88
Q

tiny finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface to increase the surface area of the cell for absorption

A

microvilli

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions