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Anatomy & Physiology > 6 Muscle Anatomy & Terminology > Flashcards

6 Muscle Anatomy & Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

when you smile you are using this muscle

A

zygomaticus

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2
Q

when you pucker your lips you are using this muscle

A

orbicularis oris

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3
Q

frontalis

A

muscle that covers the frontal bone; runs from galia aponeurosis to the skin of the eyebrows; allows raised eyebrows and wrinkled forehead

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4
Q

muscle that covers the frontal bone

A

frontalis

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5
Q

muscle that runs from the galia aponeurotica to the eyebrows

A

frontalis

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6
Q

muscle that allows you to raise your eyebrows in suprise

A

frontalis

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7
Q

muscle that allows you to wrinkle your forehead

A

frontalis

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8
Q

occipitalis

A

muscle that covers the posterior aspect of the skull; pulls the scalp posteriorly

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9
Q

muscle that covers the posterior aspect of the skull

A

occipitalis

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10
Q

muscle that pulls the scalp posteriorly

A

occipitalis

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11
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

muscle that has fibers that run in circles around the eyes; allows you to close your eyes, squint, blink, wink

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12
Q

muscle that has fibers that run in circles around the eyes

A

orbicularis oculi

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13
Q

muscle that allows you to close your eyes

A

orbicularis oculi

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14
Q

orbicularis oris

A

circular muscle of the lips; closes mouth and protrudes lips: “kissing” muscle

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15
Q

muscle that allows you to squint

A

orbicularis oculi

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16
Q

muscle that closes the mouth

A

orbicularis oris

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17
Q

muscle that allows you to blink

A

orbicularis oculi

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18
Q

circular muscle of the lips

A

orbicularis oris

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19
Q

muscle that allows you to wink

A

orbicularis oculi

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20
Q

muscle that closes mouth

A

orbicularis oris

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21
Q

muscle that protrudes lips

A

orbicularis oris

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22
Q

“kissing” muscle

A

orbicularis oris

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23
Q

buccinator

A

muscle that runs horizontally across the cheek and inserts into the orbicularis oris; flattens cheek, as in whistling or blowing a horn; chewing muscle: compresses cheek to hold food in during chewing

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24
Q

muscle that runs horizontally across the cheek

A

buccinator

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25
Q

muscle that flattens cheek to whistle or blow horn

A

buccinator

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26
Q

chewing muscle that compresses cheek to hold food between teeth

A

buccinator

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27
Q

zygomaticus

A

muscle that extends from corner of mouth to the cheekbone; “smiling” muscle because raises corners of mouth

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28
Q

muscle that extends from corner of mouth to the cheekbone

A

zygomaticus

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29
Q

“smiling muscle”

A

zygomaticus

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30
Q

muscle that raises the corners of mouth

A

zygomaticus

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31
Q

chewing muscles

A

buccinator
masseter
temporalis

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32
Q

masseter

A

muscle that runs from the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the mandible; covers the angle of the lower jaw; chewing muscle that closes jaw by elevating the mandible

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33
Q

muscle that runs from the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the mandible

A

masseter

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34
Q

muscle that covers the angle of the lower jaw

A

masseter

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35
Q

chewing muscle that closes the jaw by elevating the mandible

A

masseter

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36
Q

temporalis

A

fan-shaped muscle overlying the temporal bone; chewing muscle that inserts into the mandible and is synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw

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37
Q

fan-shaped muscle overlying the temporal bone

A

temporalis

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38
Q

chewing muscle that is a synergist of the masseter in closing the jaw

A

temporalis

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39
Q

platysma

A

single sheet-like muscle the covers the front and side of neck; originates from connective tissue of chest muscles, inserts into the area around mouth; pulls corners of mouth downward; “sad clown”

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40
Q

single sheet-like muscle the covers the front and side of neck

A

platysma

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41
Q

originates from connective tissue of chest muscles, inserts into the area around mouth

A

platysma

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42
Q

muscle that pulls the corners of mouth down

A

platysma

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43
Q

“sad clown” muscle

A

platysma

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44
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

paired two-headed muscles, one on each side of neck; two heads: origins are sternum and clavicle; heads fuse before inserting into mastoid process; “prayer” muscle, bows head; tilts head to side

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45
Q

paired two-headed muscles, one on each side of neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

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46
Q

the origins of the two heads of this muscle are the sternum and clavicle

A

sternocleidomastoid

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47
Q

the two heads of this muscle fuse before inserting into the mastoid process of the temporal bone

A

sternocleidomastoid

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48
Q

“prayer muscle”

A

sternocleidomastoid

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49
Q

muscle that bows head

A

sternocleidomastoid

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50
Q

muscle that tilts the head to the side

A

sternocleidomastoid

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51
Q

levator palpebrae

A

muscle that raises eyelid

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52
Q

muscle that raises eyelid

A

levator palpebrae

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53
Q

eyelid muscle

A

levator palpebrae

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54
Q

pectoralis major

A

large, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest; acts to adduct and flex the arm

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55
Q

large, fan-shaped muscle covering the upper part of the chest

A

pectoralis major

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56
Q

muscle that adducts and flexes the arm

A

pectoralis major

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57
Q

intercostal muscles

A

deep muscles found between ribs; important in breathing–internal intercostals raise ribcage on inhalation, external depress ribcage when forcefully exhaling

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58
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

help raise the ribcage when you inhale

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59
Q

deep muscles found between ribs

A

internal intercostals

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60
Q

trunk muscles important in breathing

A

intercostal muscles

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61
Q

muscles that raise ribcage on inhalation

A

internal intercostal muscles

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62
Q

external intercostal muscles

A

depress ribcage when forcefully exhaling

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63
Q

muscles which depress ribcage when forcefully exhaling

A

external intercostal muscles

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64
Q

the four anterior abdominal muscles

A

rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques
transversus abdominis

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65
Q

rectus abdominis

A

most superficial muscles of the abdomen; paired straight medial muscles that run from the pubis to the ribcage; main function is to flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth; involved in forced breathing

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66
Q

most superficial muscles of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

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67
Q

paired straight medial abdominal muscles that run from the pubis to the ribcage

A

rectus abdominis

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68
Q

muscles’ main function is to flex the vertebral column

A

rectus abdominis

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69
Q

muscles that compress abdominal contents during defecation and childbirth

A

rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis

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70
Q

abdominal muscle involved in forced breathing

A

rectus abdominis

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71
Q

external oblique

A

paired superficial muscles that make up the lateral walls of the abdomen; fibers run downward and medially from the last eight ribs into the ilium; flex the vertebral column, rotate trunk and bend it laterally

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72
Q

paired superficial muscles that make up the lateral walls of the abdomen

A

external oblique

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73
Q

the fibers of these muscles run downward and medially from the last eight ribs into the ilium

A

external oblique

74
Q

these muscles flex the vertebral column, rotate trunk and bend it laterally

A

external oblique and internal oblique

75
Q

internal oblique

A

paired muscles deep to the external obliques; fibers run at a right angle to those of the external obliques; origin from iliac crest and insert into last three ribs; functions same as external oblique

76
Q

paired muscles deep to the external obliques

A

internal oblique

77
Q

their fibers run at a right angle to those of the external obliques

A

internal obliques

78
Q

muscles that origin from iliac crest and insert into last three ribs

A

internal obliques

79
Q

transversus abdominis

A

deepest muscle of the abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally across the abdomen; compresses the abdominal contents

80
Q

deepest muscle of the abdominal wall

A

transversus abdominis

81
Q

this muscle’s fibers run horizontally across the abdomen

A

transversus abdominis

82
Q

trapezius

A

most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk; left and right together form a diamond-shaped muscle mass across upper back; wide origin runs from occipital bone to inferior end of thoracic vertebrae; insert into scapular spine and clavicle; extend the head (oppose the sternocleidomastoids); elevate, depress, adduct, and stabilize the scapula

83
Q

most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk

A

trapezius

84
Q

the left and right muscles together form a diamond-shaped muscle mass across upper back

A

trapezius

85
Q

wide origin of this muscle runs from occipital bone to inferior end of thoracic vertebrae

A

trapezius

86
Q

this posterior muscle inserts into the scapular spine and clavicle

A

trapezius

87
Q

this muscle is the opposite of the sternocleidomastoids in function

A

trapezius extends the head; sternocleidomastoids flex

88
Q

this muscle extends the head

A

trapezius

89
Q

muscle that elevates, depresses, adducts and stabilizes the scapula

A

trapezius

90
Q

what are the functions the trapezius performs concerning the scapula

A

elevates
depresses
adducts
stabilizes

91
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

two large, flat muscles that cover the lower back; originate on lower spine and ilium and insert into proximal end of humerus; extends and adducts the humerus; enable downward power strokes (swimming or striking)

92
Q

two large, flat muscles that cover the lower back

A

latissimus dorsi

93
Q

muscles originate on lower spine and ilium and insert into proximal end of humerus

A

latissimus dorsi

94
Q

muscles extends and adducts the humerus

A

latissimus dorsi

95
Q

muscle involved in downward power strokes of the arm (swimming or striking)

A

latissimus dorsi

96
Q

erector spinae

A

deep muscles of the back; group of muscles is the prime mover of back extension; composed of three muscle columns that span the length of the vertebral column; also help control bending at the waist

97
Q

deep muscles of the back

A

erector spinae

98
Q

group of muscles is the prime mover of back extension

A

erector spinae

99
Q

composed of three muscle columns that span the length of the vertebral

A

erector spinae

100
Q

primarily for back extension but also help to control bending forward at the waist

A

erector spinae

101
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

muscles that form part of the posterior abdominal wall; acting separately, flex the spine laterally; acting together, extend the lumbar spine

102
Q

muscles that form part of the posterior abdominal wall

A

quadratus lumborum

103
Q

muscles which, acting separately, flex the spine laterally; acting together, extend the lumbar spine

A

quadratus lumborum

104
Q

deltoid

A

triangle-shaped muscles that form the shape of the shoulders; prime mover of arm abduction

105
Q

triangle-shaped muscles that form the shape of the shoulders

A

deltoid

106
Q

muscle that is prime mover of arm abduction

A

deltoid

107
Q

biceps brachii

A

bulges when arm is flexed; prime mover for flexion of the forearm

108
Q

muscle that bulges when arm is flexed

A

biceps brachii

109
Q

muscle which is the prime mover for flexion of the forearm

A

biceps brachii

110
Q

brachialis

A

lies deep to the biceps muscle; in flexion of arm, lifts the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius

111
Q

muscle which lies deep to the biceps muscle

A

brachialis

112
Q

in flexion of arm, this muscle lifts the ulna as the biceps lifts the radius

A

brachialis

113
Q

brachioradialis

A

fairly weak muscle that origin is on humerus and inserts into the distal forearm

114
Q

fairly weak muscle that origin is on humerus and inserts into the distal forearm

A

brachioradialis

115
Q

triceps brachii

A

only muscle on posterior humerus; prime mover of elbow extension, antagonist to biceps brachii; “boxer’s muscle”

116
Q

only muscle on posterior humerus

A

triceps brachii

117
Q

prime mover of elbow extension, antagonist to biceps brachii

A

triceps brachii

118
Q

“boxer’s muscle”

A

triceps brachii

119
Q

rotator cuffs

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

120
Q 
the rotator cuffs are:
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

teres minor

121
Q 
the rotator cuffs are:
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

supraspinatus

122
Q 
the rotator cuffs are:
supraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

infraspinatus

123
Q 
the rotator cuffs are:
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

subscapularis

124
Q

gluteus maximus

A

superficial muscle of the hip that forms the flesh of the buttock; powerful hip extensor that acts to bring thigh in straight line with pelvis; important for climbing and jumping

125
Q

superficial muscle of the hip that forms the flesh of the buttock

A

gluteus maximus

126
Q

powerful hip extensor that acts to bring thigh in straight line with pelvis

A

gluteus maximus

127
Q

important muscle for climbing and jumping

A

gluteus maximus

128
Q

gluteus medius

A

muscle mostly beneath gluteus maximus; hip abductor important for steadying pelvis during walking

129
Q

muscle mostly beneath gluteus maximus

A

gluteus medius

130
Q

hip abductor important for steadying pelvis during walking

A

gluteus medius

131
Q

iliopsoas

A

fused muscle composed of two muscles; runs from iliac bone and lower vertebrae to deep inside pelvis to insert on femur; prime mover of hip flexion; keeps upper body from falling back when standing

132
Q

fused muscle composed of two muscles; runs from iliac bone and lower vertebrae to deep inside pelvis to insert on femur

A

iliopsoas

133
Q

keeps upper body from falling back when standing

A

iliopsoas

134
Q

adductor muscles

A

form the muscle mass at the medial side of each thigh; press the thighs together

135
Q

form the muscle mass at the medial side of each thigh

A

adductor muscle group

136
Q

muscles that press the thighs together

A

adductor muscles

137
Q

hamstring group

A

three muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh; prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion

138
Q

three muscles forming the muscle mass of the posterior thigh

A

hamstrings

139
Q

prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion

A

hamstring group

140
Q

the three hamstrings

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

141
Q

the three hamstings:
_______________
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

A

biceps femoris

142
Q

the three hamstings:
biceps femoris
______________
semitendinosus

A

semimembranosus

143
Q

the three hamstings:
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
_______________

A

semitendinosus

144
Q

the tendons of this group can be felt at the back of the knee

A

hamstrings

145
Q

sartorius

A

most superficial muscle of the thigh; thin & strap-like, it runs obliquely across thigh from the anterior iliac crest to the medial side of the tibia; weak thigh flexor is a synergist for crossing legs

146
Q

most superficial muscle of the thigh

A

sartorius

147
Q

thigh muscle that is thin & strap-like

A

sartorius

148
Q

muscle that runs obliquely across thigh from the anterior iliac crest to the medial side of the tibia

A

sartorius

149
Q

weak thigh flexor is a synergist for crossing legs

A

sartorius

150
Q

quadriceps group

A

the four muscles that flesh out the anterior thigh; all originate on the femur and insert via the patellar; powerful knee extender (kicking); crosses two joints, the knee and the hip-flexes both

151
Q

the muscle group that flesh out the anterior thigh

A

quadriceps group

152
Q

all originate on the femur and insert via the patellar

A

quadriceps

153
Q

powerful knee extender (kicking)

A

quadriceps

154
Q

this muscle group crosses two joints, the knee and the hip and flexes both

A

quadriceps

155
Q

the muscles of the quadriceps group

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius (under rectus femoris)

156
Q 
the muscles of the quadriceps group:
rectus femoris
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
A

vastus lateralis

157
Q 
the muscles of the quadriceps group:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
A

rectus femoris

158
Q 
the muscles of the quadriceps group:
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

vastus intermedius

159
Q 
the muscles of the quadriceps group:
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
vastus intermedius
A

vastus medialis

160
Q

tibialis anterior

A

superficial muscle on the anterior leg; arises from upper tibia then runs parallel along lateral side of tibia to the tarsal bones; acts to dorsiflex and invert foot

161
Q

muscle which arises from upper tibia then runs parallel along lateral side of tibia to the tarsal bones

A

tibialis anterior

162
Q

superficial muscle on the anterior leg acts to dorsiflex and invert foot

A

tibialis anterior

163
Q

fibularis muscles

A

found in the lateral part of the leg; arise from fibula and insert into metatarsals; as a whole plantar flexes and everts foot

164
Q

muscle group found in the lateral part of the leg

A

fibularis muscles

165
Q

muscle which arise from fibula and insert into metatarsals

A

fibularis muscles

166
Q

muscle group which as a whole plantar flexes and everts foot

A

fibularis muscles

167
Q

the fibularis muscles

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
fibularis tertius

168
Q

the fibularis muscles:
_____________
fibularis brevis
fibularis tertius

A

fibularis longus

169
Q

the fibularis muscles:
fibularis longus
_____________
fibularis tertius

A

fibularis brevis

170
Q

the fibularis muscles:
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
_____________

A

fibularis tertius

171
Q

gastrocnemius

A

two-bellied muscle that forms the calf; arises from two heads, one on each side of distal femur, inserts through calcaneal tendon (Achilles) into the heel of the foot; prime mover for plantar flexion “toe dancer’s” muscle

172
Q

two-bellied muscle that forms the calf

A

gastrocnemius

173
Q

muscle which arises from two heads, one on each side of distal femur, inserts through calcaneal tendon (Achilles) into the heel of the foot

A

gastrocnemius

174
Q

prime mover for plantar flexion

A

gastrocnemius

175
Q

“toe dancer’s muscle”

A

gastrocnemius

176
Q

soleus

A

muscle deep to the gastrocnemius; arises on tibia and fibula so does not affect knee movement; like gastrocnemius it inserts into the calcaneal tendon and is strong plantar flexor

177
Q

muscle deep to the gastrocnemius

A

soleus

178
Q

leg muscle which arises on tibia and fibula so does not affect knee movement

A

soleus

179
Q

similar to the gastrocnemius it inserts into the calcaneal tendon and is strong plantar flexor

A

soleus

180
Q

another name for calcaneal tendon

A

Achilles tendon

181
Q

Achilles tendon

A

calcaneal tendon

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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