6: Metabolism

Question 1

energy necessary for reactions to occur

Answer 1

activation energy

Question 2

enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds

Answer 2

active site

Question 3

inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate

Answer 3

allosteric inhibition

Question 4

pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones (simple to complex)

Answer 4

anabolic

Question 5

adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

study of energy flowing through living
systems

Answer 6

bioenergetics

Question 7

pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones (complex to simple)

Answer 7

catabolic

Question 8

potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken

Answer 8

chemical energy

Question 9

small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme’s activity

Answer 9

coenzyme

Question 10

inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation

Answer 10

cofactor

Question 11

type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme’s active site

Answer 11

competitive inhibition

Question 12

process that changes a subtance’s natural properties

Answer 12

denature

Question 13

describes chemical reactions that require energy input

Answer 13

endergonic

Question 14

a system’s total energy

Answer 14

enthalpy

Question 15

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

Answer 15

entropy (S)

Question 16

describes chemical reactions that release free energy

Answer 16

exergonic

Question 17

a product’s effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme’s activity in the pathway that produces it

Answer 17

feedback inhibition

Question 18

Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work

Answer 18

free energy

Question 19

energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules’ motion or particles)

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction

Answer 20

heat energy

Question 21

dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding

Answer 21

induced fit

Question 22

energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion

Answer 22

kinetic energy

Question 23

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

Answer 23

metabolism

Question 24

bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule

Answer 24

phosphoanhydride bond

Question 25

energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy

Answer 25

potential energy

Question 26

molecule on which the enzyme acts

Answer 26

substrate

Question 27

study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

Answer 27

thermodynamics

Question 28

high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction

Answer 28

transition state

Question 29

the system’s total energy change subtracted by the amount of energy lost to entropy - measurement of change in free energy

Answer 29

delta G (∆G)