13: Modern Understandings of Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications

A

aneuploid

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2
Q

any of the non-sex chromosomes

A

autosome

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3
Q

(also, map unit) relative distance that
corresponds to a 0,01 recombination frequency

A

centimorgan (cM)

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4
Q

theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes’ vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed

A

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

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5
Q

detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion

A

chromosome inversion

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6
Q

individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species

A

euploid

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7
Q

process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over

A

homologous recombination

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8
Q

a karyotype’s photographic image

A

karyogram

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9
Q

an individual’s chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position

A

karyotype

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10
Q

otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing

A

monosomy

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11
Q

failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis’ first cell division

A

nondisjunction

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12
Q

progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents

A

nonparental (recombinant) type

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13
Q

inversion that occurs outside the centromere

A

paracentric

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14
Q

progeny that exhibits the same allelic
combination as its parents

A

parental types

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15
Q

inversion that involves the centromere

A

pericentric

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16
Q

individual with an incorrect number of
chromosome sets

A

polyploid

17
Q

average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny’s population

A

recombination frequency

18
Q

process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome

A

translocation

19
Q

otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates

A

trisomy

20
Q

condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose

A

X inactivation