Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[General Biology I] > 16: Gene Expression > Flashcards

16: Gene Expression Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3’ untranslated region; region just downstream of the protein-coding region in an RNA molecule that is not translated

A

3’ UTR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a methylated guanosine triphosphate (GTP) molecule that is attached to the 5’ end of a messenger RNA to protect the end from degradation

A

5’ cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5’ untranslated region; region just upstream of the protein-coding region in an RNA molecule that is not translated

A

5’ UTR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

protein that binds to prokaryotic operators to increase transcription

A

activator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

protein that complexes with cAMP to bind to the promoter sequences of operons which control sugar processing when glucose is not available

A

catabolite activator protein (CAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transcription factor binding sites within the promoter that regulate the transcription of a gene adjacent to it

A

cis-acting element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

enzyme that chops the pre-miRNA into the mature form of the miRNA

A

Dicer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

epigenetic modification that leads to gene silencing; a process involving adding a methyl group to the DNA molecule

A

DNA methylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

segment of DNA that is upstream, downstream, perhaps thousands of nucleotides away, or on another chromosome that influence the transcription of a specific gene

A

enhancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

heritable changes that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence

A

epigenetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

protein that binds first to an mRNA to initiate translation

A

eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

processes that control the turning on or turning off of a gene

A

gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

molecule that is left after the energy is used to start translation

A

guanine diphosphate (GDP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

energy-providing molecule that binds to eIF-2 and is needed for translation

A

guanine triphosphate (GTP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

epigenetic modification that leads to gene silencing; a process involving adding or removing an acetyl functional group

A

histone acetylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

operon that can be activated or repressed depending on cellular needs and the surrounding environment

A

inducible operon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

protein complex containing eIF-2 that starts translation

A

initiation complex

18
Q

operon in prokaryotic cells that encodes genes required for processing and intake of lactose

A

lac operon

19
Q

second, larger ribosomal subunit that binds to the RNA to translate it into protein

A

large 60S ribosomal subunit

20
Q

small RNA molecules (approximately 21 nucleotides in length) that bind to RNA molecules to degrade them

A

microRNA (miRNA)

21
Q

oncogene that causes cancer in many cancer cells

A

myc

22
Q

protein that prevents transcription

A

negative regulator

23
Q

region of DNA outside of the promoter region that binds activators or repressors that control gene expression in prokaryotic cells

A

operator

24
Q

collection of genes involved in a pathway that are transcribed together as a single mRNA in prokaryotic cells

A

operon

25
Q

a series of adenine nucleotides that are attached to the 3’ end of an mRNA to protect the end from degradation

A

poly-A tail

26
Q

protein that increases transcription

A

positive regulator

27
Q

control of gene expression after the RNA molecule has been created but before it is translated into protein

A

post-transcriptional

28
Q

control of gene expression after a protein has been created

A

post-translational

29
Q

organelle that degrades proteins

A

proteasome

30
Q

protein that binds to the operator of prokaryotic genes to prevent transcription

A

repressor

31
Q

protein complex that binds along with the miRNA to the RNA to degrade it

A

RISC

32
Q

how long an RNA molecule will remain intact in the cytoplasm

A

RNA stability

33
Q

protein that binds to the 3’ or 5’ UTR to increase or decrease the RNA stability

A

RNA-binding protein (RBP)

34
Q

ribosomal subunit that binds to the RNA to translate it into protein

A

small 40S ribosomal subunit

35
Q

transcription factor binding site found outside the promoter or on another chromosome that influences the transcription of a particular gene

A

trans-acting element

36
Q

protein that binds to the DNA at the promoter or enhancer region and that influences transcription of a gene

A

transcription factor

37
Q

sequence of DNA to which a transcription factor binds

A

transcription factor binding site

38
Q

site at which transcription begins

A

transcriptional start site

39
Q

series of genes necessary to synthesize tryptophan in prokaryotic cells

A

trp operon

40
Q

amino acid that can be synthesized by prokaryotic cells when necessary

A

tryptophan

41
Q

segment of the RNA molecule that is not translated into protein. These regions lie before (upstream or 5’) and after (downstream or 3’) the protein- coding region

A

untranslated region

[General Biology I] (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions