11: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate

A

alternation of generations

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2
Q

the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged

A

chiasma (pl. chiasmata)

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3
Q

proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis

A

cohesin

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4
Q

exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism

A

crossover

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5
Q

union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms

A

fertilization

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6
Q

a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes

A

gametophyte

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7
Q

specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm

A

germ cells

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8
Q

(also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II

A

interkinesis

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9
Q

the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring

A

life cycle

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10
Q

a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

A

meiosis

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11
Q

first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as reduction division because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid

A

meiosis I

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12
Q

second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells

A

meiosis II

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13
Q

protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between nonsister chromatids

A

recombination nodules

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14
Q

nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division

A

reduction division

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15
Q

all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells

A

somatic cell

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16
Q

haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell

A

spore

17
Q

a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis

A

sporophyte

18
Q

formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

A

synapsis

19
Q

protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover

A

synaptonemal complex

20
Q

two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I

A

tetrad