5: Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

method of transporting material that requires energy

A

active transport

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2
Q

molecule possessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments

A

amphiphilic

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3
Q

transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions

A

antiporter

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4
Q

channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate

A

aquaporin

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5
Q

membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

A

carrier protein

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6
Q

protein that coats the plasma membrane’s cytoplasmic side and participates in the liquid uptake process by potocytosis

A

caveolin

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7
Q

membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

A

channel protein

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8
Q

protein that coats the plasma membrane’s inward-facing surface and assists in forming specialized structures, like coated pits, for phagocytosis

A

clathrin

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9
Q

area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

A

concentration gradient

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10
Q

passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient

A

diffusion

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11
Q

a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradient

A

electrochemical gradient

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12
Q

pump that creates a charge imbalance

A

electrogenic pump

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13
Q

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell

A

endocytosis

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14
Q

process of passing bulk material out of a cell

A

exocytosis

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15
Q

process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins

A

facilitated transport

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16
Q

describes the plasma membrane’s
structure as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity)

A

fluid mosaic model

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17
Q

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

A

glycolipid

18
Q

combination of carbohydrates and proteins

A

glycoprotein

19
Q

molecule with the ability to bond with water;
“water-loving”

A

hydrophilic

20
Q

molecule that does not have the ability to
bond with water; “water-hating”

A

hydrophobic

21
Q

situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell

A

hypertonic

22
Q

situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell

A

hypotonic

23
Q

protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively with the membrane lipids’ hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane

A

integral protein

24
Q

situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell

A

isotonic

25
Q

total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution

A

osmolarity

26
Q

transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the water’s concentration gradient across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

A

osmosis

27
Q

method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy

A

passive transport

28
Q

protein at the plasma membrane’s surface either on its exterior or interior side

A

peripheral protein

29
Q

a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid

A

pinocytosis

30
Q

detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution

A

plasmolysis

31
Q

variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on the plasma membrane’s cytoplasmic side

A

potocytosis

32
Q

active transport that moves ions or small molecules across a membrane and may create a difference in charge across that membrane

A

primary active transport

33
Q

active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients

A

pump

34
Q

variation of endocytosis that involves using specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles, and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicles

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

35
Q

movement of material that results from primary active transport to the electrochemical gradient

A

secondary active transport

36
Q

membrane characteristic that allows some substances through

A

selectively permeable

37
Q

substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

A

solute

38
Q

transporter that carries two different ions or
small molecules, both in the same direction

A

symporter

39
Q

amount of solute in a solution

A

tonicity

40
Q

membrane protein that facilitates a substance’s passage across a membrane by binding it

A

transport protein

41
Q

specific carrier proteins or pumps that
facilitate movement

A

transporter

42
Q

transporter that carries one specific ion or
molecule

A

uniporter