6 - Diseases of the Immune System (Exam 1)

Question 1

What are the 3 types of immunodeficiency diseases?

Answer 1

1. Primary immunodeficiency disease
2. Secondary immunodeficiency disease
3. Hypersensitivity disease

Question 2

What is a basic characteristic of primary immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 2

Immunodeficiency disease that is congenital

Question 3

What is a basic characteristic of secondary immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 3

Immunodeficiency disease that is acquired after birth that may or may not be contagious

Question 4

What is a basic characteristic of hypersensitivity disease?

Answer 4

Often referred to as allergies

Exaggerated response of the immune system

Question 5

What are 2 types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 5

1. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions

2. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Question 6

What are some examples of primary immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 6

1. Primary stem cell deficiency
2. Primary combined immunodeficiency syndrome
3. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
4. X-linked B-cell immunodeficiencies
5. Primary T-cell immunodeficiencies

Question 7

What are 3 examples of primary T-cell immunodeficiencies?

Answer 7

1. Thymus agenesis
2. DiGeorge’s syndrome
3. Nezelof’s syndrome

Question 8

What are 5 causes of secondary immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 8

1. Chemical/ medication exposure
2. Irradiation
3. Disseminated hematopoietic disease
4. Starvation
5. Microbial disease (AIDS/ mono)

Question 9

What causes AIDS?

Answer 9

The spreading of the retrovirus, HIV.

Question 10

What 4 things to immunodeficiency viruses (HIV, FIV, EIA) have in common?

Answer 10

1. Long incubation period
2. Slow progressive fatal outcome
3. Tropism for hematopoietic and nervous system
4. Immunosuppression

Question 11

What special enzyme contributes to pathogenesis?

Answer 11

Reverse transcriptase

Question 12

What are the 2 subtypes of type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 12

1. Atopy

2. Non-atopy

Question 13

What is atopy?

Answer 13

Involves IgE reactions that have a genetic predisposition

Generally chronic in nature

Question 14

What are the 3 types of atopy?

Answer 14

1. Allergic rhinitis/ allergic conjunctivitis
2. Atopic dermatitis
3. Atopic food allergies

Question 15

What are 2 types of non-atopy type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 15

1. Anaphylaxis - Hives and itchiness

2. Anaphylactic Shock - full body involvement (life threatening)

Question 16

What is Type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 16

Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
Interactions of IgG and IgM with antigens
Associated with autoimmune disorders

Question 17

What are 3 examples of type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 17

1. Hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)
2. Transfusion reactions
3. Myasthenia gravis

Question 18

What is type 3 hypersensitivity?

Answer 18

Formation of antigen-antibody complexes

Free floating antigens

Question 19

What is type 4 hypersensitivity?

Answer 19

Cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity
Onset of 1-3 days
Requirement of macrophage involvement
Poison ivy, drugs, cosmetics

Question 20

What is type 5 hypersensitivity?

Answer 20

IgG antibodies formed against TSH receptors in thyroid
Enhances the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone
Grave’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism