10 - Infectious Disease (Exam 2) Flashcards
How do innate and acquired immunity differ?
Innate immunity is not specific and does not remember
Acquired immunity shows a high degree of specificity and remembers past infections
What are 5 sources of infectious disease?
- Endogenous microorganisms
- Exogenous microorganisms
- Nosocomial infections
- Community infections
- Fomite transmission
How do endogenous and exogenous microorganisms differ?
Endogenous is a person’s own microflora
Exogenous are derived from outside the body
How do nosocomial and community infections differ?
Nosocomial infections are contracted at a health care center
Community are contracted anywhere outside of health care facilities
What is fomite transmission and what is an example?
Physical object that serves to transmit infection
Example: sharing needles
What are 4 examples of portals of entry?
- Direct contact
- Penetration wounds
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
What are types of penetration wounds?
- Incision
- Abrasion/laceration/avulsion
- Puncture
- Burns
How does an incision differ from an abrasion/laceration/avulsion?
An incision is made by a sharp object with little damage to surrounding tissue
The others are associated with more trauma and therefore more necrosis
Which burns are least severe? Most severe?
First degree are least severe (sunburn)
Third degree are most severe
What is the most common portal of entry?
Inhalation
What is the typical sequence that infectious disease follows (5 steps)?
- Incubation period
- Prodromal period
- Acute period
- Convalescent period
- Resolution period
What is included in the incubation period?
The time from contact to onset of symptoms
What is included in the prodromal period?
Initial appearance of symptoms
What is included in the acute period?
Host feels the maximum impact of the infectious disease
Which period has the most intense inflammatory and immune response?
Acute period
