12 - Vascular Disease and Hypertension (Exam 3) Flashcards
What category of disease is responsible for more morbidity and mortality than any other category of human disease?
Vascular disease
What are 2 cellular components of vessels involved in vascular disease?
- Endothelial cells
2. Vascular smooth muscle cells
What is arteriosclerosis?
Thickening and hardening of the arteries
What is the predominant type of arteriosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis
What disease process accounts for more than half of all deaths in the Western world?
Atherosclerosis
What are 6 significant risk factors for arteriosclerosis?
- Sex (males more likely to develop)
- Age (more common as age increases)
- Smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- High blood pressure
- Genetic factors
- Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol, obesity)
What are 4 “soft” risk factor for arteriosclerosis?
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity
- Oral contraceptives
- Stressful lifestyle
What is high blood pressure defined as?
Blood pressure greater than 140/90
What is a normal blood pressure reading?
120/80
What are the 2 variables blood pressure depends on?
- Cardiac output
2. Total peripheral resistance
What are the 2 classifications of hypertension?
- Primary (essential)
2. Secondary
Which is the most common classification of hypertension, accounting for about 95% of instances?
Primary hypertension
What is secondary hypertension associated with?
Other systemic disease conditions
How are benign and malignant hypertension different?
Benign - Rises slowly over time
Malignant - Rises rapidly
Are benign and malignant hypertension associated with primary and secondary hypertension?
Primary and secondary can be either benign or malignant
