6 (C) Descending Pathway

Question 1

Corticospinal tract

Cortex –> Spinal Cord –> via ………………………..

Answer 1

Spinal nerves

Question 2

Corticonuclear

Cortex –> …… –> via …………..

Answer 2

Brainstem

Cranial Nerves

Question 3

Within the internal capsule, its somatotopically organised from what - what? (medial to lateral)

Answer 3

F A T L

Question 4

What key structure is in place that the internal capsule connects to that is found in the midbrain

Answer 4

Cerebral peduncles (Crus cerebri)

Question 5

What % of fibres decussate at pyramids

Answer 5

85%

Question 6

from dorsal to ventral, the lateral corticospinal tract is somatotopically organised from what - what

Answer 6

Leg
Trunk
Arm

(from out to in)

Question 7

What type of innervation is the anterior corticospinal tract?

What structure does it go down?

Answer 7

Bilateral

Ventral corticospinal tract (Anterior)

Question 8

Which corticospinal tract is responsible for hte axial musculature (tone)

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

Which corticospinal tract is responsible for limb musculature?

Answer 9

Lateral

Question 10

Hypertonia occurs in what type of lesion? When does it occur (time) after motor function recovers

Answer 10

UMN Lesion

Long term

Question 11

Babinski sign shows what type of lesion

Answer 11

UMN

Question 12

The corticonuclear pathway originates from where?

Answer 12

Pre-central-gyrus

Question 13

Innervation of LMN in corticonuclear pathway are all?

What are the exceptions (just the nerves)

Answer 13

Bilateral

Facial Nerve + Hypoglossal

Question 14

The facial nerve is what in terms of innervation?

Which innervation is which (upper / lower)

Answer 14

Bilateral (upper)

Contralateral (lower)

Question 15

The hypoglossal nerve has what type of innervation?

Answer 15

Contralateral

Question 16

What are the facial nerve branches from superior to inferior?

Answer 16

Temporal (Tiger)
Zygomatic (Zoo's)
Buccal (Bore)
Mandibular (me)
Cervical (constantly)

Question 17

A supranuclear lesion is what type of lesion? Upper or lower?

Answer 17

Upper

Question 18

If there is a facial nerve supranuclear lesion, what occurs?

Answer 18

Bottom of face affected –> Contralateral to lesion

Top part unaffected –> Due to bilateral innervation

Question 19

If whole half face is affected, where is the lesion?

Answer 19

LMN lesion

Whole of facial nerve on one side is affected

Question 20

What are some symptoms of a LMN of face

-> Eyes // mouth // eyebrows

Answer 20

Orbicularis muscle + facial muscles affected

• > unable to close eyes
• > weakness at angle of mouth
• > cannot elevate eyebrows

Question 21

if a LMN is present in hypoglossal, what side does tongue deviate

Answer 21

Side of lesion

Question 22

If a UMN is present in hypoglossal, what side does tongue deviate?

Answer 22

Contralateral

Question 23

Reticular formation + red nucleus are both responsible for what in terms of muscle?

Answer 23

Controlling muscle tone

Question 24

Posture is affected by what system

Answer 24

Vestibular

Question 25

New born spinal cord ends at what?

Answer 25

L3

L1 / L2

Question 26

Termination of sub srachnoid space

Answer 26

S2

Question 27

Both anterior + posterior spinal Vein drain into what?

Answer 27

Internal Vertebral plexus

Question 28

What structurally do spinal veins not have

Answer 28

No valves

Question 29

Ventral + dorsal rami have both motor + sensory fibres (T /F)

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Dysphasia + Amarausis fugax are both indicative of what type of circulation being impeeded?

Answer 30

Anterior circulation

Question 31

Ataxia + Diplopia + vertigo + bilateral symptoms are all indicative of what type of circulation being impeeded?

Answer 31

Posterior Circulation

Question 32

Increased hyperflexia in UMN lesion occurs below or above lesion site?

Answer 32

Below Lesion Site

Question 33

Key structure that lateral corticospinal tract goes down in midbrain

Answer 33

Cerebri Peduncles // Crus Cerebri