14. (C) Ear ++

Question 1

The otlith organs detect what?

Answer 1

Force of gravity + tilt of the head

Question 2

The semicircular canals are sensitive to what?

Answer 2

Head rotation

Question 3

Perilymph has what constituents (Na + K)

Answer 3

Low K+ // High Na+

Question 4

Endolymph has what constituents (Na + K)

Answer 4

High k+ // Low Na+

Question 5

Utricle + saccule are a part of what?

Answer 5

Otolith organs

Question 6

Vestibular nerve branches (3)

Answer 6

Utricular nerve // saccular nerve // ampullary nerve

Question 7

Linear acceleration is mainly detected by what?

Answer 7

Utricle + saccule

Question 8

Hair cells in the ear are made up of what (2)

Answer 8

1 kinocilium + many cilia

Question 9

Bending of what activates the sensory nerve?

Answer 9

Kinocilia + cilia

Question 10

Hair cells are comprised of many what? How many kinocilium are there?

Answer 10

Many stereocilia + 1 kinocilium

Question 11

Macula in utricle is ….

Answer 11

Horizontal

Question 12

Macula in saccule is …

Answer 12

Vertical

Question 13

When the head is rotating, what is distorted which goes to activate the ampullary nerve?

Answer 13

Cupula => ampullary nerve

Question 14

Which way does the cupula bend towards?

Answer 14

Opposite direction relative to head rotation

Question 15

Pressure, earache, tinnitus + dizziness with patient complaining of feeling of “pushed over”

Answer 15

Meniere’s syndrome

Question 16

What causes Meniere’s syndrome?

Answer 16

Increased volume of endolymph

Question 17

Dislodged calcium crystals from otoliths that float into canals causing disorientation + dizziness =>

Answer 17

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Question 18

Vestibular neuritis // brainstem carcinoma // infarction + haemorrhage lead to what

Answer 18

Disrupted postural control

Question 19

Vestibular schwannomas are caused by a overproduction of what?

Answer 19

Schwann cells

Question 20

Ototoxicity is caused by ….. which lead to damage to what?

Answer 20

Drugs//chemicals => Vestibulocochlear nerve // hair cells

Question 21

A person with congenital absence of the retinal rod cells should not?

Answer 21

should not drive at night