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1 (C) Skull Bones Meninges Flashcards

Meninges + skull + head / neck

1
Q

From Outer to Inner, what are the 3 layers of the meninges layer

A

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Mater

Pia Mater

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2
Q

How many layers does the Dura mater have?

A

2

Periosteal dura mater
Meningeal dura mater

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3
Q

falx cerebelli seperates what

A

seperates 2 cerebella

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4
Q

Real vs potential spaces

A

Real spaces are spaces that exist

Potential spaces only form during pathology

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5
Q

CSF flows through what

A

subarachnoid space

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6
Q

Cerebral aquaduct connects what

A

3rd –> 4th ventricle

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7
Q

berry aneurysm

A

Abnormal dilatations around circle of Willis

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8
Q

What are watershed areas

A

Regions of brain that receive bs from distal arteries

has a dual supply

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9
Q

an epidural haemorrhage occurs from what?

A

Torn meningeal artery

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10
Q

Subdural haemorrhage occurs from what

A

torn bridging vein

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11
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

torn cerebral artery

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12
Q

name the 2 potential spaces in the cranial Dura

A

Epidural Space + Subdural Space

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13
Q

Name the 2 real spaces in the spinal cord meninges

A

Epidural + subarachnoid space

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14
Q

Choroid Plexus Does what

A

produces csf

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15
Q

What are cisterns

A

Expansions of subarachnoid space = CSF exits to vascular system

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16
Q

Vertebral Artery stems from what artery

A

subclavian

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17
Q

vertebral artery goes through what foramen

A

foramen magnum

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18
Q

Internal carotid goes through what in the skull

A

carotid canal

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19
Q

ACA (anterior cerebral artery) supplies what (2)

What main structure does it also supply

A

Superior + medial of frontal lobe + parietal lobe

Corpus Callosum

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20
Q

MCA (Middle cerebral artery) supplies what (3)

A

Lateral areas of

  • -> Frontal
  • -> Temporal
  • -> Parietal
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21
Q

PCA (Posterior cerebral artery) supplies what (2)

A

Occipital Lobe

Inferior + medial temporal lobe

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22
Q

Proencephalon forms what 2 secondary brain structures

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

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23
Q

Telencephalon forms what

A

cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

Diencephalon forms what (2)

A

Hypothalamus

thalamus

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25
Mesencephalon forms what
Mesencephalon -> Midbrain
26
Rhombocephalon forms what 2 secondary structures
Metencephalon + Myelencephalon
27
Metencephalon goes to form what?
pons + cerebellum
28
Myelencephalon goes to form what
medulla oblongata
29
Identify on complete anatomy ``` Zygomatic Maxilliary Sphenoid Mastoid process Styloid process ```
-
30
What is the weakest part of the skull?
Pterion
31
What is under the pterion? What type of haematoma can it lead to?
Middle Meningeal Artery (MMA) Epidural Haematoma
32
Ridges of the brain are called?
Gyri
33
Grooves of the brain are called?
Sulci
34
Lateral fissure seperates what lobes
Frontal + temporal
35
Central fissure seperates what lobes
Frontal + parietal
36
Anterior triangle of the neck boundaries? Base Post boundary Ant boundary
Mandible Sternocleidomastoid (ant part) Midline neck
37
What are the contents of the ant. triangle of neck? (4)
Internal Jugular vein Hyoid muscles (supra / infra) Common carotid Thyroid Lobes
38
Posterior Triangle of neck boundaries? Base Post Ant
Clavicle Ant. margin of trapezius Post margin of sternocleidomastoid
39
What are the contents of the post.triangle of neck (4)
Trunks of Brachial Plexus spinal accessory nerve Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle External jugular vein
40
What is the role of the infrahyoid muscles?
Depresses larynx during swallowing
41
What innervates the infrahyoid muscle? What is the exception?
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) Thyrohoid muscle is innervated by Hypoglossal + C1
42
What are the deep muscles of infrahyoid muscle? What are the superficial muscles of infrahyoid muscle?
Sternohyoid + Thyrohoid | Omohyoid + Sternothyroid
43
What is the role of the suprahyoid muscles?
Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing
44
What are the muscles of the suprahyoid muscle? (4)
Digastric muscles Mylohoid muscle Geniohyoid muscle Stylohoid muscle
45
During the voluntary stage of swallowing (1st), what happens to the larynx
It raises
46
During the involuntary stage of swallowing (2nd), what happens to the larynx
It depresses
47
What is the involuntary stage of swallowing controlled by? (2)
CN 9 + 10
48
Anterior spinal artery stems from what?
Vertebral artery
49
the forebrain consists of what?
Proencephalon -> Telecephalon + diencephalon
50
what occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
Cerebellum
51
which 4 bones converge on pterion
Frontal Parietal Temporal Sphenoid
52
Contents of Foramen Magnum? (4)
medulla oblongata spinal root of cranial nerve XI vertebral arteries anterior and posterior spinal arteries
53
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscle of thee larynx
Vagus nerve --> Superior + Recurrent laryngeal muscle
54
Cricothyroid muscle in the larynx is innervated by what
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
55
All muscles except the cricothyroid muscle in the larynx are innervated by what
recurrent laryngeal nerve
56
What 3 contents are in the carotid sheath
common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve
57
at what level does the vertebral artery bifurcate to form the basillar artery?
Medulla + Pons
58
Which arteries does not supply the cerebellum?
Middle Cerebellar
59
what is a dural venous sinus
system that allows blood to return to venous system
60
dural fold that passes between the cerebellum and the cerebrum?
Tentorium Cerebelli
61
dural venous sinus is located within the inferior edge of the falx cerebri
inferior sagital sinus
62
Draw out the dural venous system ``` inferior / superior sagital sinus confluence of sinuses Straight sinus transverse sinus where it all drains into via what ```
drains into internal jug via jugular foramen
63
stylomastoid formaen has openning for what?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
64
thyroid gland receives blood supply from what
external carotid
65
what passes through the jugular foramen nerves (3)
accessory nerve Vagus glossopharyngeal --> 9 / 10 / 11
66
superior thyroid artery comes from where? Inferior thyroid artery comes from what?
External carotid Sub clav

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