1 (C) Skull Bones Meninges Flashcards
Meninges + skull + head / neck
From Outer to Inner, what are the 3 layers of the meninges layer
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
How many layers does the Dura mater have?
2
Periosteal dura mater
Meningeal dura mater
falx cerebelli seperates what
seperates 2 cerebella
Real vs potential spaces
Real spaces are spaces that exist
Potential spaces only form during pathology
CSF flows through what
subarachnoid space
Cerebral aquaduct connects what
3rd –> 4th ventricle
berry aneurysm
Abnormal dilatations around circle of Willis
What are watershed areas
Regions of brain that receive bs from distal arteries
has a dual supply
an epidural haemorrhage occurs from what?
Torn meningeal artery
Subdural haemorrhage occurs from what
torn bridging vein
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
torn cerebral artery
name the 2 potential spaces in the cranial Dura
Epidural Space + Subdural Space
Name the 2 real spaces in the spinal cord meninges
Epidural + subarachnoid space
Choroid Plexus Does what
produces csf
What are cisterns
Expansions of subarachnoid space = CSF exits to vascular system
Vertebral Artery stems from what artery
subclavian
vertebral artery goes through what foramen
foramen magnum
Internal carotid goes through what in the skull
carotid canal
ACA (anterior cerebral artery) supplies what (2)
What main structure does it also supply
Superior + medial of frontal lobe + parietal lobe
Corpus Callosum
MCA (Middle cerebral artery) supplies what (3)
Lateral areas of
- -> Frontal
- -> Temporal
- -> Parietal
PCA (Posterior cerebral artery) supplies what (2)
Occipital Lobe
Inferior + medial temporal lobe
Proencephalon forms what 2 secondary brain structures
telencephalon
diencephalon
Telencephalon forms what
cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon forms what (2)
Hypothalamus
thalamus
Mesencephalon forms what
Mesencephalon -> Midbrain
Rhombocephalon forms what 2 secondary structures
Metencephalon + Myelencephalon
Metencephalon goes to form what?
pons + cerebellum
Myelencephalon goes to form what
medulla oblongata
Identify on complete anatomy
Zygomatic Maxilliary Sphenoid Mastoid process Styloid process
-
What is the weakest part of the skull?
Pterion
What is under the pterion?
What type of haematoma can it lead to?
Middle Meningeal Artery (MMA)
Epidural Haematoma
Ridges of the brain are called?
Gyri
Grooves of the brain are called?
Sulci
Lateral fissure seperates what lobes
Frontal + temporal
Central fissure seperates what lobes
Frontal + parietal
Anterior triangle of the neck boundaries?
Base
Post boundary
Ant boundary
Mandible
Sternocleidomastoid (ant part)
Midline neck
What are the contents of the ant. triangle of neck? (4)
Internal Jugular vein
Hyoid muscles (supra / infra)
Common carotid
Thyroid Lobes
Posterior Triangle of neck boundaries?
Base
Post
Ant
Clavicle
Ant. margin of trapezius
Post margin of sternocleidomastoid
What are the contents of the post.triangle of neck (4)
Trunks of Brachial Plexus
spinal accessory nerve
Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
External jugular vein
What is the role of the infrahyoid muscles?
Depresses larynx during swallowing
What innervates the infrahyoid muscle? What is the exception?
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
Thyrohoid muscle is innervated by Hypoglossal + C1
What are the deep muscles of infrahyoid muscle?
What are the superficial muscles of infrahyoid muscle?
Sternohyoid + Thyrohoid
Omohyoid + Sternothyroid
What is the role of the suprahyoid muscles?
Elevates hyoid bone during swallowing
What are the muscles of the suprahyoid muscle? (4)
Digastric muscles
Mylohoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
Stylohoid muscle
During the voluntary stage of swallowing (1st), what happens to the larynx
It raises
During the involuntary stage of swallowing (2nd), what happens to the larynx
It depresses
What is the involuntary stage of swallowing controlled by? (2)
CN 9 + 10
Anterior spinal artery stems from what?
Vertebral artery
the forebrain consists of what?
Proencephalon -> Telecephalon + diencephalon
what occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
Cerebellum
which 4 bones converge on pterion
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Contents of Foramen Magnum? (4)
medulla oblongata
spinal root of cranial nerve XI
vertebral arteries
anterior and posterior spinal arteries
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscle of thee larynx
Vagus nerve –> Superior + Recurrent laryngeal muscle
Cricothyroid muscle in the larynx is innervated by what
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
All muscles except the cricothyroid muscle in the larynx are innervated by what
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What 3 contents are in the carotid sheath
common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
at what level does the vertebral artery bifurcate to form the basillar artery?
Medulla + Pons
Which arteries does not supply the cerebellum?
Middle Cerebellar
what is a dural venous sinus
system that allows blood to return to venous system
dural fold that passes between the cerebellum and the cerebrum?
Tentorium Cerebelli
dural venous sinus is located within the inferior edge of the falx cerebri
inferior sagital sinus
Draw out the dural venous system
inferior / superior sagital sinus confluence of sinuses Straight sinus transverse sinus where it all drains into via what
drains into internal jug via jugular foramen
stylomastoid formaen has openning for what?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
thyroid gland receives blood supply from what
external carotid
what passes through the jugular foramen nerves (3)
accessory nerve
Vagus
glossopharyngeal
–> 9 / 10 / 11
superior thyroid artery comes from where?
Inferior thyroid artery comes from what?
External carotid
Sub clav
