10 (C) Cerebellum Flashcards
What does the cerebellum do in terms of movements? (2)
Co-ordinates movement
stores instructions fo patterns of movement
DOES NOT INITIATE MOVEMENT
Vestibulocerebellum division has what parts of the cerebellum involved?
Nodules + flocculus
Role of the vestibulocerebellum?
Co-ordinates muscles in balance + visual fields
Adjusts muscles + eye movements
The spinocerebellum consists of what parts of the cerebellum
Vermis + paravermis
What is the role of the spinocerebellum?
Co-ordinates muscles in posture + locomotion
What is the role of the cerebrocerebellum?
Movements of distal limbs // fine skill of hands / learning + linguistic
What is the input for the vestibulocerebellum pathway?
Vestibular apparatus + nuclei
In the vestibulocerebellum pathway, what peduncle does the afferent + efferent travel along?
Inferior Peduncle
What part of the medulla is involved in the vestibulocerebellum pathway?
Open medulla
The efferent fibres of the vestibulocerebellum go to CN 3,4,6 via what?
Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
What type of information is detected in the spinocerebellum pathway?
How are these detected?
Length of muscle // speed of movement // level of tension
Golgi Organs (from the muscles)
What peduncle is the spinocerebellum pathway used in (afferent)
Inferior peduncle
What pathway is involved in controlling muscle tone + execution of movements?
Spinocerebellum
in the cerebrocerebellum pathway, input from the motor cortex via the Pontine Nucleus enters which pednuncle?
Middle peduncle
in the cerebrocerebellum pathway, input from the motor cortex via the inferior olivary nucleus enters which peduncle?
Inferior peduncle
Cerebellorubral efferent enter which peduncle?
Where does it go to?
Superior Peduncle
Red Nucleus
Function of the reticulospinal pathway is involved in what processes?
Voluntary breathing / movement
How do fibres travel in the reticulospinal pathway?
Ipsilateral
Where does the reticulospinal pathway orignate from?
Reticular formation in pons + medulla
Where does the reticulospinal pathway go to?
Ventral grey horn
Rubrospinal pathway function?
Controls muscle tone
How do fibres travel in the rubrospinal pathway?
ipsilateral
Origination of the rubrospinal pathway (what part of the midbrain)
Red nucleus –> Tegmentum in midbrain
Unilateral lesion of cerebellum leads to what symptoms
ipsilateral symptoms
Truncal Ataxia =
Inability to stand / sit without falling over
What type of lesion is present in Trucal Ataxia?
What pathway is affected?
Midline lesion affecting vestibulocerebellum
What is a common cause of truncal ataxia?
Medulloblastoma
Who is generally affected with medulloblastoma?
Children
Gait Ataxia =
Staggering wide based gait with lower limbs affected
What area is the lesion in gait ataxia? What lobe?
What pathway is affected?
Paravermal areas /// Typically anterior lobe
Spinocerebellar
Dysmetria
cant point to nose (lack of spatial skills)
Dysmetria // Dystathria and incordination of voluntary movement is found in lesions to what?
Cerebellar hemisphere lesions
What structures are found in lesions to cerebellar hemispheres (3)
Neocerebellar cortex // Dentate nucleus // Superior cerebellar peduncle
The main function of the cerebellum in relation to movement is…
Synergy
The left and right cerebellar hemispheres are separated by the
Vermis
Cisterna magna
cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at and above the level of the foramen magnum
one of the openings of the subarachnoid space
Cerebellar outputs concerning the left hemi-body pass to the motor cortex via which peduncle
left Superior Peduncle
Does the vestibulospinal pathway go through the pyramids?
No
Its extrapyrimidal
What is the afferent fibre of the spinocerebellum?
Spinocerebellar Tract
What part of the the thalamus does the cerebrocerebellum pathway go to, to get to the motor cortex?
VA / VL Thalamus
Cerebellar ataxia / Sensory ataxia
loss of coordination
sensory -> closing eyes makes it worse
Lower motor neuron lesion can lead to what? (tonia)
Hypotonia
Bilateral central scotoma is likely to have damage to what area?
Occipital lobe
Cerebellar output concerning the right side of the body will pass to the motor cortex via which peduncle?
Right Superior Cerebellar
Damage to lower motor neurons of facial nerve leads to what?
ipsilateral hemiface paralysis
