10 (C) Cerebellum

Question 1

What does the cerebellum do in terms of movements? (2)

Answer 1

Co-ordinates movement

stores instructions fo patterns of movement

DOES NOT INITIATE MOVEMENT

Question 2

Vestibulocerebellum division has what parts of the cerebellum involved?

Answer 2

Nodules + flocculus

Question 3

Role of the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 3

Co-ordinates muscles in balance + visual fields

Adjusts muscles + eye movements

Question 4

The spinocerebellum consists of what parts of the cerebellum

Answer 4

Vermis + paravermis

Question 5

What is the role of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 5

Co-ordinates muscles in posture + locomotion

Question 6

What is the role of the cerebrocerebellum?

Answer 6

Movements of distal limbs // fine skill of hands / learning + linguistic

Question 7

What is the input for the vestibulocerebellum pathway?

Answer 7

Vestibular apparatus + nuclei

Question 8

In the vestibulocerebellum pathway, what peduncle does the afferent + efferent travel along?

Answer 8

Inferior Peduncle

Question 9

What part of the medulla is involved in the vestibulocerebellum pathway?

Answer 9

Open medulla

Question 10

The efferent fibres of the vestibulocerebellum go to CN 3,4,6 via what?

Answer 10

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

Question 11

What type of information is detected in the spinocerebellum pathway?

How are these detected?

Answer 11

Length of muscle // speed of movement // level of tension

Golgi Organs (from the muscles)

Question 12

What peduncle is the spinocerebellum pathway used in (afferent)

Answer 12

Inferior peduncle

Question 13

What pathway is involved in controlling muscle tone + execution of movements?

Answer 13

Spinocerebellum

Question 14

in the cerebrocerebellum pathway, input from the motor cortex via the Pontine Nucleus enters which pednuncle?

Answer 14

Middle peduncle

Question 15

in the cerebrocerebellum pathway, input from the motor cortex via the inferior olivary nucleus enters which peduncle?

Answer 15

Inferior peduncle

Question 16

Cerebellorubral efferent enter which peduncle?

Where does it go to?

Answer 16

Superior Peduncle

Red Nucleus

Question 17

Function of the reticulospinal pathway is involved in what processes?

Answer 17

Voluntary breathing / movement

Question 18

How do fibres travel in the reticulospinal pathway?

Answer 18

Ipsilateral

Question 19

Where does the reticulospinal pathway orignate from?

Answer 19

Reticular formation in pons + medulla

Question 20

Where does the reticulospinal pathway go to?

Answer 20

Ventral grey horn

Question 21

Rubrospinal pathway function?

Answer 21

Controls muscle tone

Question 22

How do fibres travel in the rubrospinal pathway?

Answer 22

ipsilateral

Question 23

Origination of the rubrospinal pathway (what part of the midbrain)

Answer 23

Red nucleus –> Tegmentum in midbrain

Question 24

Unilateral lesion of cerebellum leads to what symptoms

Answer 24

ipsilateral symptoms

Question 25

Truncal Ataxia =

Answer 25

Inability to stand / sit without falling over

Question 26

What type of lesion is present in Trucal Ataxia?

What pathway is affected?

Answer 26

Midline lesion affecting vestibulocerebellum

Question 27

What is a common cause of truncal ataxia?

Answer 27

Medulloblastoma

Question 28

Who is generally affected with medulloblastoma?

Answer 28

Children

Question 29

Gait Ataxia =

Answer 29

Staggering wide based gait with lower limbs affected

Question 30

What area is the lesion in gait ataxia? What lobe?

What pathway is affected?

Answer 30

Paravermal areas /// Typically anterior lobe

Spinocerebellar

Question 31

Dysmetria

Answer 31

cant point to nose (lack of spatial skills)

Question 32

Dysmetria // Dystathria and incordination of voluntary movement is found in lesions to what?

Answer 32

Cerebellar hemisphere lesions

Question 33

What structures are found in lesions to cerebellar hemispheres (3)

Answer 33

Neocerebellar cortex // Dentate nucleus // Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 34

The main function of the cerebellum in relation to movement is…

Answer 34

Synergy

Question 35

The left and right cerebellar hemispheres are separated by the

Answer 35

Vermis

Question 36

Cisterna magna

Answer 36

cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata at and above the level of the foramen magnum

one of the openings of the subarachnoid space

Question 37

Cerebellar outputs concerning the left hemi-body pass to the motor cortex via which peduncle

Answer 37

left Superior Peduncle

Question 38

Does the vestibulospinal pathway go through the pyramids?

Answer 38

No

Its extrapyrimidal

Question 39

What is the afferent fibre of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 39

Spinocerebellar Tract

Question 40

What part of the the thalamus does the cerebrocerebellum pathway go to, to get to the motor cortex?

Answer 40

VA / VL Thalamus

Question 41

Cerebellar ataxia / Sensory ataxia

Answer 41

loss of coordination

sensory -> closing eyes makes it worse

Question 42

Lower motor neuron lesion can lead to what? (tonia)

Answer 42

Hypotonia

Question 43

Bilateral central scotoma is likely to have damage to what area?

Answer 43

Occipital lobe

Question 44

Cerebellar output concerning the right side of the body will pass to the motor cortex via which peduncle?

Answer 44

Right Superior Cerebellar

Question 45

Damage to lower motor neurons of facial nerve leads to what?

Answer 45

ipsilateral hemiface paralysis