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yr2 Control + Movement > 5 (C) vertebrae > Flashcards

5 (C) vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

AT what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

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2
Q

What is the name of the end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus Medullaris

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3
Q

Vertebrae - vertebrae are held together by what joints?

A

Facet Joints

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4
Q

The pedicles of the vertebrae attach what?

A

Transverse process to body of vertebrae

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5
Q

The laminae of the vertebrae attach what

A

transverse process to spinous process

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6
Q

C1 articulates with what part of the skull

A

occiput

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7
Q

What does the joint of C1 - Occiput allow?

A

Allows us to nod

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8
Q

What type of joint is present between C1 - C2

A

Pivot Joint

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9
Q

What is present on C7 which makes it a landmark (name)

A

Long spinous process —> Vertebrae Prominens

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10
Q

What does the atlas NOT have (2)

A

vertebral body + Spinous process

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11
Q

Does C2 have a vertebral body?

A

No

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12
Q

What part of C2 allows the pivot joint of c1 + c2 to occur?

A

Dens

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13
Q

What type of joint is the Pivot join in C1 - C2

A

Synovial –> RA

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14
Q

Vertebral artery + vein pass through what parts of the vertebrae?

At what level does it not pass through this foramina

A

Transverse Foramina

C7

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15
Q

Name of the Fracture of the Atlas caused by high axial loading?

A

Jeffersons Fracture

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16
Q

Fracture of the dens is typically caused by what/

A

Hyperextension // Hyperflexion

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17
Q

The superior demifacet found on thoracic vertebrae is equal to what in terms of rib

A

Corresponding rib

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18
Q

What thoracic vertebrae are common fracture places

A

T11 / T12

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19
Q

What does the spinous process look like on a lumbar vertebrae?

A

Short // Stumpy

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20
Q

Anterior Sacral Foramina is important for what?

A

Exit of spinal nerves

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21
Q

The Wings of the pelvis are called what?

A

Ala

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22
Q

Which vertebrae are the most flexible?

A

C + L

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23
Q

What movement is only possible at thoracic vertebrae?

A

Rotation

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24
Q

What is the chief extensor of the intrinsic muscle of the bacl?

A

Erector Spinae

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25
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the erector spinae

A

Longissimus Muscle

Iliocostalis Muscle

Spinalis Musclle

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26
Q

What is the deepest muscle layer of the back?

A

Dus

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27
Q

Thicker vertebrae = ?

A

More flexibility

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28
Q

What are the two key structures in the vertebrae disk?

What is the inner one?

A

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleolus Pulposus (inner)

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29
Q

What happens to disk over time?

A

dehydrate = Stiffer

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30
Q

What are the 2 most common slipped disks / herniation areas

A

L4 / L5

L5 / S1

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31
Q

What syndrome can arise from slipped disk

A

Cauda Equina

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32
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament resists what (2)?

A

Hyperflexion

Posterior Herniation

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33
Q

Posterior longitudinal Ligament can be found from what - what?

A

C2 - Sacrum

34
Q

Anterior longitudinal Ligament resists what which is the only ligament to do so?

A

Resists Hyperextension

35
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament can be found from what to whaat

A

Occipital / C1 –> Sacrum

36
Q

Ligamentum Flavum binds what

A

Adjacent Vertebrae

37
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae can be found where?

A

Occipital –> C7

38
Q

What are the ligaments that a lumbar puncture goes through? (3)

A

Supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament

Ligamentum Flavum (pop)

39
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

40
Q

Cauda Equina?

A

nerve rootlets

41
Q

What is the epineurium found on nerve cells

A

Meningeal layer that is taking when spinal nerve leaves vertebral canal

42
Q

Dural sac grows with …… but ….. doesnt

A

Vertebral column

Spinal cord doesnt

43
Q

How many posterior spinal arteries are there?

Anterior?

A

2

1

44
Q

What gives rise to the posterior spinal artery

A

Segmental spinal artery –> Vertebral // Deep cervical etc.

45
Q

What key structure is NOT found below T6 in the spinal cord

A

Cuneate Tubercle

46
Q

The Dorsal Column is responsible for what (sensations)

A

FINE touch / pressure / proprioception

47
Q

The Spinothalamic tract is responsible for what (sensations)

A

CRUDE touch / pain / temperature

48
Q

As a rule of thumb, fibres that are essential to survive (pain / temp / some touch / pressure) have what type of structure / speed

A

Slow demyelinated fibres

49
Q

As a rule of thumb, fibres that increase detail (fine touch , proprioception) have what type of structure / speed

A

Large diameter myelinated fibres fast

50
Q

1st Order Neurons are what type of neurone?

A

Pseudounipolar neurone

51
Q

Spinothalamic pathway is somatopically organised - how is it done?

A

D
Leg
Trunk
Arm

V

52
Q

Lissauer’s tract is found where

A

Dorsal Grey Horn

53
Q

Does spinothalamic cross over midline? What crosses over?

A

Yes

Axon of 2* Neurone cross over

54
Q

What does the 2* Neurone Axon become after the Medulla?

A

Spinal Lemniscus

55
Q

The Spinothalamic pathway goes to what part of the thalamus?

A

VPL

56
Q

FATL for somatotopic map runs from what - what?

A

Laterally to Medial

57
Q

Do the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Pathway cross over at midline when passing into the cord?

What does it go through Above T6

A

No

Goes up Cuneate Tubercle

58
Q

In the DCML pathway, what structure does the pathway go up below T6

A

Gracile Tubercle

59
Q

What part of the medulla does the DCML go through?

What are the name of the fibres that cross midline?

A

Closed Medulla

Internal Arcuate Fibres

60
Q

What does the 2* neurone axon from DCML go through that is somatotopically organised?

A

Medial Lemniscus

61
Q

What is the structure of the somatotopically organised medial lemniscus?

A

D

     Arm
     Trunk
      Leg

V

62
Q

What part of the internal capsule does the ascending fibres pass through?

A

Posterior part of internal capsule

63
Q

What are the 3 nuclei involved in the trigeminal sensory pathway in order from Midbrain –> Medulla

A

Mescencephalic nuclei

Pontine nucleus (chief)

Spinal Nucleus

64
Q

What sense does NOT GO THROUGH trigeminal ganglion?

what does it go through instead?

A

Proprioception

Mescencephalic nuclei

65
Q

What nuclei does the proprioception pathway go through after the mescencephalic nuclei?

What reflex is this involved with

A

Motor

Jaw Jerk Reflex

66
Q

What part of the thalamus does the trigeminal pathway go to

A

VPM

67
Q

Pain / Temp nuclei are found most what? (think diagrm)

A

Inferiorly

68
Q

Discriminatory touch uses what nuclei (think diagram)

A

Pontine Nuclei (Chief)

69
Q

What are the fibres called that cross in the DCML called when entering the medial lemniscus

A

internal arcuate fibres

70
Q

How do crude touch fibres from the spnothalamic cross

A

go up a few levels then cross over

71
Q

The ligamentum flavum is found:

A

between adjacent laminae

72
Q

In which regions of the vertebral column are kyphoses found?

A

thoracic + sacral

73
Q

heart-shaped body and round vertebral foramen

A

thoracic vertebrae

74
Q

what kind of spinous process do thoracic vertebrae have?

A

long and orientated postero-inferiorly

75
Q

which vertebrae have a horizontally-orientated spinous processes?

A

cervical + lumbar

76
Q

the posterior part of the affected vertebral body loses height in a wedge fracture?

A

No

77
Q

vertebrae with have an oval-shaped body

A

lumbar

78
Q

which vertebrae are more prone to dislocation than other vertebrae

A

cervical

79
Q

which vertebrae are the most flexible?

A

cervical

80
Q

What is a common site for the origin of an embolism in an ischaemic infarct?

A

Carotid arteries

81
Q

damage to the anterior segmental medullary artery will lead to what being affected

A

Spinothalamic –> pain and temperature sensation

82
Q

cervical have what type of body?

They also have what type of process?

A

Bifid process

Round Body

yr2 Control + Movement (24 decks)

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