13 (C) Cerebellum Huntingtons Pathways Flashcards
Basal ganglia receives input from what?
Cerebral cortex
Overall function of the basal ganglia?
Initiation // Control // Cessation of movement
Corpus striatum derives from what?
Telencephalon
Substantia Nigra derives from what?
Diencephalon
Subthalamic nucleus derives from what?
Diencephalon
Caudate nucleus + putamen are part of what subgroup of the corpus striatum?
Neostriatum
Inner + external globus pallidus are part of what subgroup of the corpus striatum?
Paleostriatum
Pars reticulata + pars compacts are both part of what?
Substantia Nigra
Cellular bridges connect what?
Caudate nucleus + putamen
Which is closer to the centre of the midbrain (tegmentum) in the substantia nigra
Substantia Nigra Pars compacts
Substantia nigra main role?
Initiate movement via releasing dopamine
What tract connects substantia nigra to the striatum / putamen
Nigrostriatal tract
D1 receptor is found in what pathway?
Direct Pathway
D2 receptor is found in what pathway?
Indirect pathway
Lesion on the basal ganglia leads to what side of symptoms
Contralateral
what proteins are found in Parkinsons that damage the SNc
a-syn proteins = Lewy bodies
Degeneration of the subthalamic nucleus =>
Hemiballismus
Degeneration of the striatum -> globus pallidus inhibitory fibres =>
Chorea // Huntington’s
As a whole, the direct pathway facilitates what?
Wanted movments
As a whole, the indirect pathway facilitates what?
Inhibits unwanted movements
Tracts connecting Putamen / globus pallidus to thalamus =>
Pallidothalamic tract
Tracts connecting thalamus to cortex =>
Thalamocortical
Substantia nigra to putamen =>
Nigrostriatal
Cortex to putamen =>
Corticostriatal
A patient presents with reduced facial expression, slower than normal movements, slower than normal walking, and a resting tremor. This disorder can be directly linked to:
Loss of dopaminergic input to the neostriatum
Functionally, the globus pallidus _______ and the substantia nigra ______ act together.
internus; pars reticulata
Functionally, what structures are part of the basal ganglia?
Neostriatum
Paleostriatum
Substantia nigra pars reticulata
The indirect pathway involves an ______ of ______ of the globus pallidus externus from the striatum.
increase; inhibition
The main function of the basal ganglia in relation to movement is:
initiation and control
Characteristics of what?
Brisk reflexes
Spasticity
Inability to perform fine motor tasks
UMN
Contralateral flinging (ballistic movements) of the extremities may indicate a lesion to the?
Subthalamic nucleus
