13 (C) Cerebellum Huntingtons Pathways

Question 1

Basal ganglia receives input from what?

Answer 1

Cerebral cortex

Question 2

Overall function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 2

Initiation // Control // Cessation of movement

Question 3

Corpus striatum derives from what?

Answer 3

Telencephalon

Question 4

Substantia Nigra derives from what?

Answer 4

Diencephalon

Question 5

Subthalamic nucleus derives from what?

Answer 5

Diencephalon

Question 6

Caudate nucleus + putamen are part of what subgroup of the corpus striatum?

Answer 6

Neostriatum

Question 7

Inner + external globus pallidus are part of what subgroup of the corpus striatum?

Answer 7

Paleostriatum

Question 8

Pars reticulata + pars compacts are both part of what?

Answer 8

Substantia Nigra

Question 9

Cellular bridges connect what?

Answer 9

Caudate nucleus + putamen

Question 10

Which is closer to the centre of the midbrain (tegmentum) in the substantia nigra

Answer 10

Substantia Nigra Pars compacts

Question 11

Substantia nigra main role?

Answer 11

Initiate movement via releasing dopamine

Question 12

What tract connects substantia nigra to the striatum / putamen

Answer 12

Nigrostriatal tract

Question 13

D1 receptor is found in what pathway?

Answer 13

Direct Pathway

Question 14

D2 receptor is found in what pathway?

Answer 14

Indirect pathway

Question 15

Lesion on the basal ganglia leads to what side of symptoms

Answer 15

Contralateral

Question 16

what proteins are found in Parkinsons that damage the SNc

Answer 16

a-syn proteins = Lewy bodies

Question 17

Degeneration of the subthalamic nucleus =>

Answer 17

Hemiballismus

Question 18

Degeneration of the striatum -> globus pallidus inhibitory fibres =>

Answer 18

Chorea // Huntington’s

Question 19

As a whole, the direct pathway facilitates what?

Answer 19

Wanted movments

Question 20

As a whole, the indirect pathway facilitates what?

Answer 20

Inhibits unwanted movements

Question 21

Tracts connecting Putamen / globus pallidus to thalamus =>

Answer 21

Pallidothalamic tract

Question 22

Tracts connecting thalamus to cortex =>

Answer 22

Thalamocortical

Question 23

Substantia nigra to putamen =>

Answer 23

Nigrostriatal

Question 24

Cortex to putamen =>

Answer 24

Corticostriatal

Question 25

A patient presents with reduced facial expression, slower than normal movements, slower than normal walking, and a resting tremor. This disorder can be directly linked to:

Answer 25

Loss of dopaminergic input to the neostriatum

Question 26

Functionally, the globus pallidus _______ and the substantia nigra ______ act together.

Answer 26

internus; pars reticulata

Question 27

Functionally, what structures are part of the basal ganglia?

Answer 27

Neostriatum

Paleostriatum

Substantia nigra pars reticulata

Question 28

The indirect pathway involves an ______ of ______ of the globus pallidus externus from the striatum.

Answer 28

increase; inhibition

Question 29

The main function of the basal ganglia in relation to movement is:

Answer 29

initiation and control

Question 30

Characteristics of what?

Brisk reflexes
Spasticity
Inability to perform fine motor tasks

Answer 30

UMN

Question 31

Contralateral flinging (ballistic movements) of the extremities may indicate a lesion to the?

Answer 31

Subthalamic nucleus