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Natural Products > 6 - Ayurveda Medicine > Flashcards

6 - Ayurveda Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is ayurvedic medicine?

A
  • originated in India
  • considered a type of CAM
  • defined as “complete systems of theory and practice that have evolved over time in different cultures and apart from conventional or western medicine”
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2
Q

Ayur = ____

A

life

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3
Q

Veda = ____

A

knowledge or science

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4
Q

What does Ayurveda mean?

A
  • the knowledge of life

- the science of life

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5
Q

Aims to integrate and balance what?

A

the mind, body and spirit

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6
Q

Many ayurvedic therapies are used individually and gaining in popularity. Give some examples

A
  • yoga
  • meditation
  • massage
  • herbs
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7
Q

What are the 2 main ayurvedic texts?

A
  • Caraka Samhita

- Susruta Samhita

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8
Q

Are there licensing boards/exams for ayurveda in canada?

A

No

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9
Q

How do you become a RAP (registered ayurveda practitioner) in Canada?

A

completed diploma program of at least 2000 hrs from an accredited Ayurveda Educational Institution

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10
Q

What is the ayurvedic philosophy?

A

Health is not the absence of disease, but state of balance between body, mind and spirit

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11
Q

Health consists of a balanced state of ?

A
  • 3 doshas
  • 7 tissues
  • 3 wastes
  • Gastric fire
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12
Q

What are the 3 doshas and what do they do?

A
  • Vata, Pitta, Kapha

- govern all body’s activities

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13
Q

What are the 7 tissues and what are they responsible for?

A
  • Dhatus

- responsible for structure of body and functioning of organs

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14
Q

What are the 3 wastes and what do they do?

A
  • Malas

- feces, urine, sweat

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15
Q

What is gastric fire?

A
  • Agni

- biological fire/heat energy that governs metabolism

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16
Q

What is involved in ayurvedic philosophy?

A
  • universal interconnectedness
  • five elements
  • life forces (dosas)
  • body’s constitution (prakruti)
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17
Q

What is interconnectedness?

A
  • All things in the universe (living and non-living) are connected
  • Health problems can result when a person is out of harmony with the universe
  • Disruptions to this balance can be physical, emotional, spiritual, or a combination
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18
Q

What are the 5 elements?

A
  • space
  • air
  • fire
  • water
  • earth
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19
Q

Doshas are ____ _____

A

life forces or life energies

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20
Q

The 3 ______ are Vata, Pitta, Kapha

A

doshas

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21
Q

What is Vata composed of?

A

space and air

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22
Q

What is Pitta composed of?

A

fire and water

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23
Q

What is Kapha composed of?

A

earth and water

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24
Q

Everyone is born with a unique proportion of doshas which is derived from the union of your parent’s doshas at the time of conception = ______

*this does not change with time (like DNA)

A

prakruti

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25
Q

Are people usually just one dosha?

A

No - Usually one dosa predominates and a second dosa has a strong influence

*dual-doshic constitution

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26
Q

Describe Vata

A

Remember = space and air

  • quick thinking, thin, fast-moving
  • energy of movement
  • “king of doshas”
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27
Q

List characteristics of Vata

A
  • dry
  • light (skinny)
  • cold
  • rough
  • subtle
  • clear
  • astringent
  • mobile

*slide 22

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28
Q

If Vata is balanced - ?

A

Active, creative, gifted with a natural ability to express and communicate

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29
Q

If Vata is unbalanced - ?

A

Anxiety, bodily disorders related to dryness - dry skin and constipation

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30
Q

List 3 common Vata disorders? (so if Vata is unbalanced, what can it cause?)

A
  • low energy
  • high/low BP
  • dry, scaly skin

*more on slide 25

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31
Q

Describe Pitta

A

Remember = fire and water

  • energy of digestion and metabolism
  • fiery personality, reddish complexion
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32
Q

List characteristics of Pitta

A

-hot
-sharp
-light body frame
-oily
-spreading (pitta spreads as rash, acne, inflammation)
(pitta subjects want to spread their name and fame all over the country)
-sour
-bitter
-pungent
-fleshy smell
-red
-yellow

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33
Q

If Pitta is balanced = ?

A

Joyful disposition, sharp intellect, courage and drive

34
Q

If Pitta is unbalanced = ?

A

the fire of the body and mind becomes “unruly”

  • anger, rage and ego
  • infection, inflammation, rashes, ulcers, heartburn and fever
35
Q

List 3 common pitta disorders?

A
  • heartburn
  • diarrhea
  • infections

*more on slide 30

36
Q

Describe Kapha

A

Remember = earth and water
(these people are grounded)

  • energy of lubrication and structure
  • solid body frame, soft temperament
37
Q

Characteristics of Kapha?

A
  • heavy
  • slow
  • cold
  • oily
  • damp
  • smooth
  • soft
  • static
  • viscous
  • cloudy
38
Q

If Kapha is balanced = ?

A

naturally good health, rugged bodies, mental peace

39
Q

If Kapha is unbalanced = ?

A

obesity, nasal congestion, mucous, lethargy, depression

40
Q

List 3 common kapha disorders

A
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • hypothyroidism

*more on slide 35

41
Q

______ results when there is an imbalance of one or more of the 3 doshas

A

Disease

42
Q

What can cause an imbalance in a dosha?

A
  • an unhealthy diet or lifestyle
  • too much or too little mental/physical activity
  • not being protected from environmental factors
  • weather, chemicals or germs
43
Q

First step in diagnosis?

A

Determine the persons’ constitution - prakruti

  • Figure out their primary dosha
  • Relative balance of the 3 doshas
  • Determine their current state of the doshas - vikruti
44
Q

What are the 3 doshic states?

A
  • Balanced
  • Increased
  • Decreased
45
Q

3 doshic states:

______ = all 3 doshas are present in their natural proportions - equilibrium

A

Balanced

46
Q

3 doshic states:

______ = a particular dosha is present in a greater than normal proportion - aggravated or excess state

A

Increased

47
Q

3 doshic states:

______ = a particular dosha is present in a less than normal proportion - reduced or depleted state

A

Decreased

48
Q

In a person with excellent health, the proportions of their current state (______) will be the same as their constitution (______)

A

vikruti

prakruti

49
Q

What will an imbalance in a dosha cause?

A

it will produce symptoms that are related to that dosha

50
Q

How do you determine someones dosha (apart from the quiz)?

A
  • Ask questions about diet, lifestyle and symptoms
  • Observe physical characteristics (teeth, skin, eyes, nails, tongue, weight)
  • Taking the pulse (each dosha is though to make a particular kind of pulse)
  • Examining stool and urine
51
Q

Goals of Ayurvedic Tx’s?

A
  • Eliminate cause of disease
  • Reduce symptoms
  • Correct and prevent doshic imbalances
  • Rebuild and support the body
52
Q

What are some types of treatment options for imbalanced doshas?

A
  • yoga
  • stretching
  • breathing exercises
  • meditation
  • herbs
  • specific foods and diets
  • tiny amounts of metal and/or mineral preparations
  • hands-on therapy (massage of vital points)
53
Q

What is Panchakarma?

A

Cleansing - to eliminate impurities

Combination of treatments including - fasting, herbs, special diets, enemas, sweating, other therapies

54
Q

What is Yoga good for?

A
  • Asanas (yoga poses and exercises) used for health reasons
  • Used to balance the doshas
  • Effective in treating depression, anxiety, low back pain, HTN, obesity, increasing immune response
55
Q

Be aware that some herbs may be mixed with _____

A

metals

56
Q

Examples of grounding foods

A
  • Root vegetables - carrots, potatoes

- Soup

57
Q

What are some common ayurvedic herbs?

A
  • ginger
  • turmeric
  • guggul
  • ashwaganda
58
Q

What is Ginger used for?

A

-nausea/vomiting, anti-inflammatory, digestive aid, diaphoretic and warming agent

59
Q

Ginger is traditionally used for _____

A

dyspepsia

60
Q

How does ginger work?

A

Increases pancreatic lipase and amylase activity, as well as bile acid volume and secretion
-Improves digestion of fats and CHO

Increases pancreatic trypsin
-Improves digestion of protein

61
Q

Ginger can also help with _______

A

osteoarthritis

62
Q

Ginger:

Preparation and dose ?

A

dried ginger - 1-4g/day

*most trials for N/V of pregnancy used 1g/day

63
Q

What does ginger interact with?

A

Anticoagulants:

  • High doses of ginger (10g) may decrease platelet aggregation
  • Typical doses (2-4g/day) have little effect on platelets
64
Q

What is ginger “possibly effective” in?

A

OA, morning sickness, post-op N/V, dysmenorrhea

65
Q

What is Turmeric?

A
  • A flowering plant in the ginger family

- Flavorful spice and used as a colouring agent for both food and fabric

66
Q

What are the active agents in turmeric?

A

The curcuminoids (ex. circumin)

67
Q

What can Turmeric be used for?

A

Arthritis (anti-inflammatory effects) *circumin inhibits 5 and 12 lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase

Digestive aid

  • salivary and gastric secretions are stimulated by the aroma and pungent taste of spices
  • Circumin induces gallbladder contractions

Alzheimers
-possible correlation between low levels of Alzheimer’s dementia in elder Indian populations and the consumption of turmeric (curry)

68
Q

What types of cancers may turmeric prevent?

A

May decrease the risk of colorectal, prostate, and gastric cancers

69
Q

Turmeric is bactericidal to _______ and decreases adhesion to stomach mucosa

A

H. Pylori

70
Q

Clinically used doses of Turmeric?

A

400-600mg TID standardized extracts

71
Q

Adverse effects of turmeric?

A
  • GI upset, contact dermatitis
  • CI in pregnancy at therapeutic doses - uterine stimulant effects (ok to use as a spice in pregnancy)
  • Circumin inhibits platelet aggregation (caution in patients on anticoagulants/antiplatelets)
72
Q

What is the Guggul tree?

A
  • Guggul tree grows in dry areas of India and Pakistan
  • Sap from the guggul tree has long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine (Obesity, Arthritis, Lowering cholesterol, Atherosclerosis)
73
Q

Guggul: Preparation and dose?

A

Most extracts standardized to give 75-100mg of guggulsterones per day (taken in 3 divided doses)

74
Q

Adverse effects of guggul?

A
  • generally safe, GI upset, diarrhea most common

- CI in pregnancy

75
Q

What can interact with Guggul?

A
  • Guggul decreases effectiveness of propranolol and diltiazem
  • May have anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects
76
Q

The root of Ashwaganda used for?

A

as a rejuvenating tonic

used as a treatment of premature aging and debility

77
Q

Ashwagandha:

What is rasayana?

A

a herb that enhances longevity, youth, memory, intellect, immunity and physical endurance

78
Q

Ashwagandha:

What is adaptogen?

A

increase resistance to stress, general “tonic”

79
Q

What is the dose of Ashwaganda?

A

3-6 g/day

80
Q

Adverse effects of Ashwaganda?

A

avoid in pregnancy - could be an abortificant

81
Q

Drug interactions with Ashwaganda?

A
  • may potentiate effects of barbiturates
  • large doses may increase thyroid function (T4)
  • some hypoglycaemic effects in diabetic patients
82
Q

What are “rasa shastra”?

A

when herbs contain metals (mercury, lead or arsenic)

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