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Natural Products > 1 - Integrative Medicine > Flashcards

1 - Integrative Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between heroic and alternative medicine?

A

Heroic medicine (regular):

  • bleeding
  • purging
  • leaching
  • sweating
  • sometimes killed people
  • they believed that disease was overstimulating the body

Alternative (irregular):

  • homeopathic physicians and herbalists
  • never killed the patient
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2
Q

What is CAM?

A

CAM is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine

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3
Q

What are the 5 domains of CAM therapy and examples?

A
  • Alternative Medicine Systems (traditional chinese medicine, ayurvedic medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic)
  • Mind-body Medicine (meditation, hypnosis)
  • Manipulative and body-based practices (massage)
  • Energy Medicine (therapeutic touch, reiki)
  • Biologically-based products (bee pollen, shark cartilage, herbal therapy)
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4
Q

What are the 2 qualifiers of CAM therapy?

A

1) While some scientific evidence exists regarding some CAM therapies, for most there are key questions that are yet to be answered through well-designed scientific studies - questions such as wether these therapies are safe and whether they work for the diseases or medical conditions for which they are used.
2) The list of what is considered to be CAM changes continually, as those therapies that are proven to be safe and effective become adopted into conventional health care as new approaches to health care emerge.

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5
Q

Complementary Medicine

A

used together with conventional medicine

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6
Q

Alternative Medicine

A

used in place of conventional medicine

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7
Q

does CAM include NHPs?

A

No, they are their own separate thing

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8
Q

What are the 4 commonalities of CAM therapies?

A

1) focus on improving health
2) work in conjunction with the body’s own self-healing mechanisms
3) holistic approach to treatment (treat the whole person, not the condition)
4) involve the patient as an active participant

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9
Q

Describe the biomedical or conventional model of health

A
  • absence of illness?
  • emphasis is placed on curing a disease rather than prevention
  • treat (chemically or surgically) the cause or merely symptoms of the disease
  • treatment is validated based on proven outcomes of sustained scientific enquiry

“reductionist”

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10
Q

Describe the CAM model of health

A
  • a state of complete (physical, social, and mental) well-being, and not merely the absence of disease
  • state of balance, a dynamic process with a focus on well-being regardless of a condition
  • sense of well-being differs between individuals, cultures, etc.

“holistic”

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11
Q

List the 4 paradigms of CAHC (complementary and alternative health care)

A
  • mind
  • body
  • energy
  • spirit
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12
Q

What is the CAM model of illness?

A
  • many CAM therapies consider structural and functional disorders to be on a continuum. subtle manifestations of illness preceding more serious illness, as if illness accumulates in layers
  • role for preventative therapy even in the absence of overt symptoms
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13
Q

What is healing?

Many CAM therapies adhere to the principles that:
1)
2)

A

1) the body has the capacity to heal itself when energy flow is unimpeded. “vitalism”
2) disease occurs when the body’s energy flow is obstructed

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14
Q

What is treatment?

Many CAM therapies adhere to the principles that:
1)
2)

A

1) when the body’s self-healing capacity is overwhelmed, the role of the practitioner is to remove obstacles to self-healing and free flow of energy
2) the goal of treatment is to restore balance, not to wage war/battle against illness

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15
Q

Why is individualization important?

A
  • psychological influences
  • cultural influences
  • environmental influences
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16
Q

A lack of evidence of efficacy is not ______ of lack of efficacy.

A

evidence

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17
Q

What is integrative medicine?

A

The combination of conventional western medicine and CAM therapies for which there is some high quality scientific evidence of safety and efficacy

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18
Q

Who is driving the demand for integrative medicine?

A

the user, the consumer, the patient

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19
Q

What are the 10 most common CAM therapies?

A

1) Prayer for one’s own health
2) Prayer by others
3) Natural products
4) Deep breathing exercises
5) Participation in prayer group
6) Meditation
7) Chiropractic care
8) Yoga
9) Massage
10) Diet based therapies

20
Q

What are some predictors for someone being a CAM therapy user?

A
  • education (educated ppl more likely to consult a CAM therapist)
  • poorer health status
  • a holistic orientation to health
  • having had a transformational experience that changed the person’s worldview
  • specific health problems (anxiety, back problems, chronic pain, urinary tract problems)
  • cultural creative (classified by commitment to environmentalism, feminism, interest in spirituality and personal growth psychology
21
Q

What is a non-predictor of a CAM therapy user?

A

dissatisfaction with conventional medicine

22
Q

Myth or Fact: The popularity of CAM therapies reflects “dissatisfaction” or “lost faith” or “moving away” from conventional medicine

A

Myth

23
Q

Myth or Fact: Dissatisfaction with conventional health care is not an independent predictor of CAM use.
<5% of CAM users avoid conventional medicine

A

Fact

24
Q

What is the positive draw to CAM therapies?

A
  • safer, more natural
  • less side effects
  • promotes well-being (maintain health and vitality)
  • emphasizes prevention of future illnesses (more than 50% are using it to maintain health rather than treat an existing illness)
  • treat existing illness (treats me as a whole person, spends more time with me and treats me as an individual, CAM practitioner is ab better listener)
  • interesting to try
  • suggested by a conventional medical professional
25
Q

Who is using CAM therapies?

A
  • the concerned well (who aim to enhance their health for the long term)
  • people with specific health problems, ranging from minor to major (ex. mental health concerns, infectious diseases, acute illness or injury, mental illness, long-term disability, chronic disease)
  • ppl with a life-threatening illness
  • the terminally ill
  • those with more education and higher incomes
  • women
  • those with chronic conditions and/or chronic pain
  • those w cancer
  • those living with HIV/AIDs
26
Q

If integrative medicine is here to stay, what is needed?

A

Communication between:

  • individuals
  • conventional practitioners
  • CAM practitioners
27
Q

Patients are not talking to their providers about their use of CAM, why??

A

42% - doctor never asked
30% - didn’t know they should
19% - not enough time during office visit
17% - didn’t think the doctor knew about CAM
12% - doctor would be dismissive or tell me not to

28
Q

What is key?

A

open-mindedness

29
Q

What is the product/practice continuum?

A

Thinking of Drugs on one end of the spectrum, Food on the other end and NHPs somewhere in between.

30
Q

What is the advantage of continuum thinking?

A

ensures that specific categories of products/care are not classified as superior to one another, but are measured against appropriate parameters and standards of evidence

31
Q

What would be some red flags of a CAM practitioner?

A
  • advises to stop conventional care
  • disparages conventional care
  • frightens patient about consequences of not using their particular treatment
  • asks for payment in advance; offers discount for large block of treatment
  • makes recommendations outside scope of practise
  • cost of care is excessive
  • promises cure of incurable diseases
32
Q

What would be some yellow flags of a CAM practitioner?

A
  • Uses suspect diagnostic tests: applied kinesiology, live blood analysis, surface electrical or temperature measurement (surface EMG, thermography, voll testing), questionable laboratory examinations
  • Offers free diagnostic tests
  • Sells vitamins, herbs, appliances or supplements that they prescribe
  • Unlicensed
  • Has many different designations, certificates from obscure institutions
  • Exaggerates credentials
33
Q

What are the 2 branches of energy medicine?

A
  • Veritable energy fields

- Putative energy fields

34
Q

What are veritable energy fields?

A

can be measured

35
Q

What are putative energy fields?

A

have yet to be measured aka biofields

36
Q

Describe Veritable Energies

A
  • specific, measurable wavelengths and frequencies are used to treat patients
  • mechanical vibrations (such as sound) and electromagnetic forces (such as visible light, magnetism, monochromatic radiation, ex. laser beams) and rays from other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
37
Q

List some examples of veritable energy use in conventional medicine to diagnose or treat disease

A
  • MRI (electromagnetic fields)
  • cardiac pacemakers
  • radiation therapy
  • UV light for psoriasis
  • laser eye surgery
38
Q

Describe magnetic therapy (ex. of veritable energy)

A
  • static magnets to relieve pain or increase energy

- pulsating electromagnetic therapy to treat osteoarthritis, migraines, MS, and sleep disorders

39
Q

Describe sound energy therapy aka vibrational or frequency therapy (ex. of veritable energy)

A
  • Basis: specific sound frequencies resonate with specific organs to heal and support the body
  • Includes music, wind chime, and tuning fork therapy
  • Music therapy affects BP, reduces pain and anxiety, and modulate endorphin levels
  • Overlaps with mind body medicine
40
Q

Describe light therapy (ex. of veritable energy)

A
  • high intensity light therapy for seasonal affective disorder
  • used with less evidence for general depression and sleep disorders
  • low-level laser therapy is claimed to be useful for pain, inflammation, and wound healing
41
Q

Describe Putative energies

A
  • based on the concept that human beings are infused with subtle forms of energy
  • Vital energy has not be unequivocally measured by any form of conventional measurement
  • therapists claim that they can work with this subtle energy, see it, and use it to influence health
  • most controversial of CAM therapies
42
Q

List 3 examples of putative energies

A
  • acupuncture
  • homeopathy
  • therapeutic touch, reiki, and related practices
43
Q

Describe acupuncture (ex. of putative energies)

A
  • most prominent therapy (to promote qi flow)
  • effective for some forms of pain
  • MOA: unclear, but may involve regional effects on neurotransmitter expression
  • existence of “energy” has not been validated
44
Q

Describe homeopathy (ex. of putative energies)

A

remedies mobilize the body’s vital force

45
Q

Describe therapeutic touch, reiki and related practices

A
  • movement of the practitioner’s hands over the patient’s body
  • attuned to the condition of the patient
  • the practitioner may strengthen and reorient the patient’s energies

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