6/15/2023 Flashcards
Lamotrigine MOA
Inhibits the release of glutamate and inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, which stabilizes neuronal membranes. Also has weak inhibitory effect on the 5-HT3 receptor.
Lamotrigine class
Miscellaneous antiseizure agent - broad spectrum
Prevacid
Lansoprazole
Xalatan
Latanoprost
Latanoprost MOA
Prostaglandin analog; reduces intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow.
Levetiracetam MOA
Synaptic vesicle protein inhibitor
Levetiracetam class
Antiseizure agent, broad spectrum
Levofloxacin MOA
Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms, thereby inhibiting relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) is essential to maintaining the superhelical structure of DNA and is required for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition.
Levofloxacin class
Fluoroquinolone
Linzess
Linaclotide
Linaclotide MOA
Bind and agonize guanylate cyclase-C on luminal surface of intestinal epithelium; results in chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen. Intestinal fluid increases and GI transit is accelerated.
Linaclotide class
GI agent; guanylate cyclase-C agonist
Zyvox
Linezolid
Linezolid class
Oxazolidinone antibiotic
Linezolid MOA
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. This prevents the formation of the functional 70S complex that is essential for bacterial translation process.
Lithobid
Lithium
Lithium MOA
neuroprotective and neuroproliferative effects; modulates neurotransmission (enhances serotonin activity, inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, promotes GABA-mediated neurotransmission); also has cellular mechanisms including inhibition of intracellular proteins and also has effects on second messenger systems
Lithium class
Mood stabilizer; antimanic agent
Loperamide MOA
Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles through the opioid receptor to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time. Reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss. Also increases tone on the anal sphincter.
Latuda
Lurasidone
Lurasidone MOA
Mixed serotonin-dopamine antagonist activity. Decreases dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway - reduced positive symptoms;
Increases dopamine release (due to 5-HT2A antagonism) in the mesocortical pathway - reduced negative and cognitive symptoms
Increased dopamine release (due to 5-HT2A antagonism) in the nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular pathways, leading to less risk of EPS and hyperprolactinemia, respectively.
Lurasidone class
Second generation antipsychotic
Milk of Magnesia
Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide MOA
Promotes bowel evacuation by causing osmotic retention of fluid which distends the colon with increased peristaltic activity; reacts with HCl in the stomach to form magnesium chloride.
Mag-200
Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oxide class
Antacid; electrolyte supplement
Namenda
Memantine
Memantine MOA
NMDA antagonist; NMDA is a type of glutamate receptor located throughout the brain. It is thought that overstimulation of NMDA receptors by glutamate leads to “excitotoxicity” and neuronal cell death. When the NMDA receptor is unstimulated, the channel is blocked by magnesium ions. Overstimulation of the receptor prevents magnesium ions from reentering, but memantine can come in and bind to the magnesium site and dwells there for longer, therefore blocking the receptors only under conditions of excessive stimulation.
Memantine class
NMDA receptor antagonist
Mesnex
Mesna
Mesna MOA
Supplies a free thiol group which binds to and inactivates acrolein, the urotoxic metabolite of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide
Mesna class
chemoprotective agent
Dolophine
Methadone
Methadone MOA
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain. Produces generalized CNS depression.
Trexall
Methotrexate
Methotrexate MOA
Structural analogue of folic acid that inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase
Methotrexate class
Antimetabolite (antifolate); DMARD
Ritalin
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate MOA
CNS stimulant; blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons; appears to stimulate the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures similar to amphetamines.
Concerta
Methylphenidate
Daytrana
Methylphenidate
Jornay
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate class
CNS stimulant
Metoclopramide MOA
Dopamine antagonist; increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure and accelerates gastric emptying
Metoclopramide class
Prokinetic; Antiemetic; Dopamine antagonist; Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist
Metoprolol MOA
Selective inhibitor of beta-1 adrenergic receptors; decreases sympathetic excitation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Metronidazole MOA
In susceptible organisms, interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death.
Metronidazole class
Nitroimidazole
Mycamine
Micafungin
Micafungin class
echinocandin
Micafungin MOA
Inhibits 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide in fungal cell walls. Decreased glucan content leads to osmotic instability and cellular lysis.
Minocin
Minocycline
Minocycline class
tetracycline
Minocycline MOA
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with the 30s and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria.
Remeron
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine class
Alpha-2 antagonist; antidepressant
Mirtazapine MOA
Antagonist of central alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased NE and serotonin release
Antagonism of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors
Low to moderate affinity for muscarinic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic receptors, but high affinity for H1 histaminic receptors
