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Top 300 Drugs > 6/15/2023 > Flashcards

6/15/2023 Flashcards

1
Q

Lamotrigine MOA

A

Inhibits the release of glutamate and inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, which stabilizes neuronal membranes. Also has weak inhibitory effect on the 5-HT3 receptor.

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2
Q

Lamotrigine class

A

Miscellaneous antiseizure agent - broad spectrum

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3
Q

Prevacid

A

Lansoprazole

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4
Q

Xalatan

A

Latanoprost

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5
Q

Latanoprost MOA

A

Prostaglandin analog; reduces intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral outflow.

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6
Q

Levetiracetam MOA

A

Synaptic vesicle protein inhibitor

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7
Q

Levetiracetam class

A

Antiseizure agent, broad spectrum

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8
Q

Levofloxacin MOA

A

Inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms, thereby inhibiting relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) is essential to maintaining the superhelical structure of DNA and is required for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition.

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9
Q

Levofloxacin class

A

Fluoroquinolone

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10
Q

Linzess

A

Linaclotide

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11
Q

Linaclotide MOA

A

Bind and agonize guanylate cyclase-C on luminal surface of intestinal epithelium; results in chloride and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen. Intestinal fluid increases and GI transit is accelerated.

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12
Q

Linaclotide class

A

GI agent; guanylate cyclase-C agonist

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13
Q

Zyvox

A

Linezolid

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14
Q

Linezolid class

A

Oxazolidinone antibiotic

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15
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. This prevents the formation of the functional 70S complex that is essential for bacterial translation process.

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16
Q

Lithobid

A

Lithium

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17
Q

Lithium MOA

A

neuroprotective and neuroproliferative effects; modulates neurotransmission (enhances serotonin activity, inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, promotes GABA-mediated neurotransmission); also has cellular mechanisms including inhibition of intracellular proteins and also has effects on second messenger systems

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18
Q

Lithium class

A

Mood stabilizer; antimanic agent

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19
Q

Loperamide MOA

A

Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles through the opioid receptor to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time. Reduces fecal volume, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss. Also increases tone on the anal sphincter.

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20
Q

Latuda

A

Lurasidone

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21
Q

Lurasidone MOA

A

Mixed serotonin-dopamine antagonist activity. Decreases dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway - reduced positive symptoms;

Increases dopamine release (due to 5-HT2A antagonism) in the mesocortical pathway - reduced negative and cognitive symptoms

Increased dopamine release (due to 5-HT2A antagonism) in the nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular pathways, leading to less risk of EPS and hyperprolactinemia, respectively.

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22
Q

Lurasidone class

A

Second generation antipsychotic

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23
Q

Milk of Magnesia

A

Magnesium hydroxide

24
Q

Magnesium hydroxide MOA

A

Promotes bowel evacuation by causing osmotic retention of fluid which distends the colon with increased peristaltic activity; reacts with HCl in the stomach to form magnesium chloride.

25
Q

Mag-200

A

Magnesium oxide

26
Q

Magnesium oxide class

A

Antacid; electrolyte supplement

27
Q

Namenda

A

Memantine

28
Q

Memantine MOA

A

NMDA antagonist; NMDA is a type of glutamate receptor located throughout the brain. It is thought that overstimulation of NMDA receptors by glutamate leads to “excitotoxicity” and neuronal cell death. When the NMDA receptor is unstimulated, the channel is blocked by magnesium ions. Overstimulation of the receptor prevents magnesium ions from reentering, but memantine can come in and bind to the magnesium site and dwells there for longer, therefore blocking the receptors only under conditions of excessive stimulation.

29
Q

Memantine class

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

30
Q

Mesnex

A

Mesna

31
Q

Mesna MOA

A

Supplies a free thiol group which binds to and inactivates acrolein, the urotoxic metabolite of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide

32
Q

Mesna class

A

chemoprotective agent

33
Q

Dolophine

A

Methadone

34
Q

Methadone MOA

A

Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain. Produces generalized CNS depression.

35
Q

Trexall

A

Methotrexate

36
Q

Methotrexate MOA

A

Structural analogue of folic acid that inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase

37
Q

Methotrexate class

A

Antimetabolite (antifolate); DMARD

38
Q

Ritalin

A

Methylphenidate

39
Q

Methylphenidate MOA

A

CNS stimulant; blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons; appears to stimulate the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures similar to amphetamines.

40
Q

Concerta

A

Methylphenidate

41
Q

Daytrana

A

Methylphenidate

42
Q

Jornay

A

Methylphenidate

43
Q

Methylphenidate class

A

CNS stimulant

44
Q

Metoclopramide MOA

A

Dopamine antagonist; increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure and accelerates gastric emptying

45
Q

Metoclopramide class

A

Prokinetic; Antiemetic; Dopamine antagonist; Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist

46
Q

Metoprolol MOA

A

Selective inhibitor of beta-1 adrenergic receptors; decreases sympathetic excitation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

47
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

In susceptible organisms, interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death.

48
Q

Metronidazole class

A

Nitroimidazole

49
Q

Mycamine

A

Micafungin

50
Q

Micafungin class

A

echinocandin

51
Q

Micafungin MOA

A

Inhibits 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase, resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide in fungal cell walls. Decreased glucan content leads to osmotic instability and cellular lysis.

52
Q

Minocin

A

Minocycline

53
Q

Minocycline class

A

tetracycline

54
Q

Minocycline MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding with the 30s and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria.

55
Q

Remeron

A

Mirtazapine

56
Q

Mirtazapine class

A

Alpha-2 antagonist; antidepressant

57
Q

Mirtazapine MOA

A

Antagonist of central alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased NE and serotonin release

Antagonism of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors

Low to moderate affinity for muscarinic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic receptors, but high affinity for H1 histaminic receptors

Top 300 Drugs (9 decks)

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