5th Grade - SCIENCE - Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the earth?
crust, mantle and core
Scientists who study the nonliving parts of the earth are called _______.
geologists
Scientists believe that the _____, the center of the earth, is very hot and under extreme pressure.
core
The _____ makes up most of the earth’s mass.
mantle
The _____ is made of hot, melted rock called magma.
mantle
Magma that comes through cracks in the surface of the earth is called _____.
lava
The thin, outer layer of the earth is called _____.
crust
Bits of weathered rock, called _____ are moved by erosion and often settle at the bottom of bodies of water.
sediment
Particles in the soil that were once part of a living thing are known as _____.
organic
Made of things that have never been alive.
inorganic substance
An inorganic substance found naturally in the earth.
mineral
Color of the mark made when a mineral sample is rubbed on a harder surface.
streak
Orderly arrangement of the particles that make up a mineral.
crystal structure
Color seen when you look at a mineral.
color
Breaking of a mineral along a smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets.
cleavage
Ability of a mineral to resist scratching.
Hardness
Way a mineral reflects light.
Luster
True or False
A mineralogist is a scientist who studies minerals.
true
True or False
A mineral like quartz does not break along a straight line. The uneven breaking into many directions is called fracture.
true
The hardness of minerals is decided by comparing the results of a scratch test to the _____ scale.
Mohs
True or False
The body uses minerals to grow and function properly.
true
The thin, outer layer of the earth is called ______
crust
The _____ is the center of the earth.
core
The _____ makes up most of the earth’s mass and is made of hot melted rock.
mantle
An inorganic substance found naturally in the earth is called _____.
a mineral
If a substance is _____, it is made of up things that were never alive.
inorganic
_____ is the characteristic of a mineral to break along smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets
cleavage
The color of the mark made when a mineral sample is scratched on a harder surface is the ____ of that mineral.
streak
_____ is the way that a mineral reflects light.
luster
The ability of a mineral to resist scratching is called _____.
hardness
A hard natural substance made of one or more minerals is call _____.
a rock
True or False
Scientists believe that the core of the earth is very cold.
false
True or False
A geologist studies nonliving parts of the earth.
true
True or False
The hot melted rock that makes up the mantle of the earth is called lava.
false
True or False
The body uses minerals to grow and function properly.
true
True or False
Something that is synthetic is man-made
true
True or False
If a substance is a mineral, it cannot be a metal.
false
True or False
Metals are usually found in rocks called ores.
true
A type of metamorphic rock
slate
A rock that forms from decayed plant matter
coal
A type of sediment rock
limestone
The loose material on the surface of the earth
soil
A type of igneous rock
obsidian
The Mohs scale is used to determine the hardness of ______.
minerals
______ _______ is formed by heat and pressure deep below the earth’s crust.
Metamorphic rock
A mineral that can be cut and polished for use is called a _______.
gemstone
__________ _______ forms when layers of sediment and organic material harden.
Sedimentary rock
_______ _______ is formed from volcanic magma or lava.
Igneous rock
_____ are sometimes combined to increase their strength.
Metals.
