??5B XC Planning - Flight Computers / Basic Calculations

Question 0

1. Before attempting a cross-country flight, a pilot will need to know how to make common calculations for time, speed, distance, amount of fuel required, as well as basic wind calculations. Solve the following:
   Time, speed and distance problems:
   a. If time equals 25 minutes and distance equals 47 NM, what will speed be?
   b. If distance equals 84 NM and speed equals 139 knots, what will time be?
   c. If speed is 85 knots and time is 51 minutes, what will the distance be?

Answer 0

a. 113 knots
b. 36 minutes
c. 72 NM

Question 1

Fuel consumption problems:

a. If gallons-per-hour is 9.3 and time is 1 hour, 27 minutes, how many gallons will be consumed?
b. If time is 2 hours, 13 minutes and gallons consumed is 32, what will the gallons-per-hour be?
c. If gallons consumed is 38 and gallons-per-hour is 10.8, what will the time be?

Answer 1

a. 13.5 gallons
b. 14.4 GPH
c. 3 hours, 31 minutes

Question 2

True airspeed problems:

a. If altitude is 10,000 feet, temperature is 0°C, and IAS is 115, what will the TAS be?
b. If IAS is 103, altitude is 6,000 feet, and the temperature is -10°C, what will the TAS be?
c. If the temperature is 40°F, the IAS is 115, and the altitude is 11,000 feet, what will the TAS be?

Answer 2

a. 135 TAS
b. 110 TAS
c. 139 TAS

Question 3

Density altitude problems:

a. If pressure altitude is 1,500 feet and the temperature is 35°C, what will the density altitude be?
b. If pressure altitude is 5,000 feet and the temperature is -10°C, what will the density altitude be?
c. If the pressure altitude is 2,000 feet and the temperature is 30°C, what will the density altitude be?

Answer 3

a. 4,100 feet
b. 3,100 feet
c. 4,200 feet

Question 4

Conversion problems:

a. 100 nautical miles = ______ statute miles
b. 12 quarts oil = ______ pounds
c. 45 gallons fuel = ______ pounds
d. 80°F = ______ °C
e. 20 knots = ______ miles per hour

Answer 4

a. 115 SM
b. 22.5 pounds
c. 270 pounds
d. 26.6°C
e. 23 MPH

Question 5

Ground speed/true heading problems:

a. If wind direction is 220, wind speed is 030, true course is 146, and TAS is 135, what will ground speed and true heading be?
b. If wind direction is 240, wind speed is 025, true course is 283 and TAS is 165, what will ground speed and true heading be?
c. If wind direction is 060, wind speed is 030, true course is 036 and TAS is 140, what will ground speed and true heading be?

Answer 5

a. Ground speed is 124, true heading is 158.
b. Ground speed is 146, true heading is 277.
c. Ground speed is 112, true heading is 041.

Question 6

2. Flight log example, VFR flight plan:
   Careful preflight planning is extremely important. A wise pilot ensures a successful cross-country flight by getting a good preflight briefing, completing a flight log, and filing a flight plan before flight.

Answer 6

a. Get a preflight briefing consisting of the latest or most current weather, airport, and enroute NAVAID information.
b. Draw course lines and mark checkpoints on the chart.
c. Enter checkpoints on the log.
d. Enter NAVAIDs on the log.
e. Enter VOR courses on the log.
f. Enter altitude on the log.
g. Enter the wind (direction/velocity) and temperature on the log.
h. Measure the true course on the chart and enter it on the log.
i. Compute the true airspeed and enter it on the log.
j. Compute the WCA and GS and enter them on the log.
k. Determine variation from chart and enter it on the log.
l. Determine deviation from compass correction card and enter it on the log.
m. Enter compass heading on the log.
n. Measure distances on the chart and enter them on the log.
o. Figure ETE and ETA and enter them on the log.
p. Calculate fuel burn and usage; enter them on the log.
q. Compute weight and balance.
r. Compute takeoff and landing performance.
s. Complete a Flight Plan form.
t. File the Flight Plan with FSS.

Question 7

?????3. Diversion to Alternate/Lost Procedures:
a. What actions should be taken if you become disoriented or lost on a cross-country flight?
Condition I: plenty of fuel and weather conditions good.

Answer 7

• Straighten up and fly right. Fly a specific heading in a direction you believe to be correct (or circle, if unsure); don’t wander aimlessly.
• If you have been flying a steady compass heading and keeping a relatively accurate navigation log, it’s not likely you will have a problem locating your position.
• If several VORs are within reception distance, use them for a cross-bearing to determine position (even a single VOR can be of enormous help in narrowing down your possible position); or, fly to the station—there’s no doubt where you are then.
• Use knowledge of your last known position, elapsed time, approximate wind direction and ground speed, to establish how far you may have traveled since your last checkpoint.
• Use this distance as a radius and draw a semicircle ahead of your last known position on chart. For example, you estimate your ground speed at 120 knots. If you have been flying 20 minutes since“your last checkpoint, then the no-wind radius of your semicircle is 40 miles projected along the direction of your estimated track.
• If still unsure of your position, loosen up the eyeballs and start some first-class pilotage. Look for something big. Don’t concern yourself with the minute or trivial at this point. Often, there will be linear features such as rivers, mountain ranges, or prominent highways and railroads that are easy to identify. You can use them simply as references for orientation purposes and thus find them of great value in fixing your approximate position.

Question 8

“b. If it becomes apparent that you cannot locate your position, what action is recommended at this point?
The FAA recommends the use of the “4 Cs”:
• Climb—The higher altitude allows better communication capability as well as better visual range for identification of landmarks.
• Communicate—Use the system. Use 121.5 MHz if no other frequency produces results. It is guarded by FSS’s, control towers, military towers, approach control facilities, and Air Route Traffic Control Centers.
• Confess—Once communications are established, let them know your problem.
• Comply—Follow instructions.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l

Answer 8

“b. If it becomes apparent that you cannot locate your position, what action is recommended at this point?
The FAA recommends the use of the “4 Cs”:
• Climb—The higher altitude allows better communication capability as well as better visual range for identification of landmarks.
• Communicate—Use the system. Use 121.5 MHz if no other frequency produces results. It is guarded by FSS’s, control towers, military towers, approach control facilities, and Air Route Traffic Control Centers.
• Confess—Once communications are established, let them know your problem.
• Comply—Follow instructions.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l

Question 9

“c. What is “DF guidance”? (AIM Glossary)
DF guidance is given to aircraft in distress or to other aircraft that request the service. Headings are provided to the aircraft by facilities equipped with direction finding equipment. Following these headings will lead the aircraft to a predetermined point such as the DF station or an airport. DF guidance for practice is provided when workload permits.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l

Answer 9

“c. What is “DF guidance”? (AIM Glossary)
DF guidance is given to aircraft in distress or to other aircraft that request the service. Headings are provided to the aircraft by facilities equipped with direction finding equipment. Following these headings will lead the aircraft to a predetermined point such as the DF station or an airport. DF guidance for practice is provided when workload permits.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l

Question 10

“d. While en route on a cross-country flight, weather has deteriorated and it becomes necessary to divert to an alternate airport. What is the recommended procedure?
• Mark your present position on the chart; write the current time next to your mark.
• Consider the relative distance to all suitable alternates; select the one most appropriate for emergency.
• Determine the magnetic course to the alternate and divert immediately.
• Wind correction, actual distance and estimated time/fuel can then be computed while enroute to alternate.
Note: Use the radial of a nearby VOR or airway that most closely parallels the course to the alternate. Distances can be determined by placing a finger at the appropriate place on a straight edge of a piece of paper and then measuring the approximate distance on the mileage scale at the bottom of the chart.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l

Answer 10

“d. While en route on a cross-country flight, weather has deteriorated and it becomes necessary to divert to an alternate airport. What is the recommended procedure?
• Mark your present position on the chart; write the current time next to your mark.
• Consider the relative distance to all suitable alternates; select the one most appropriate for emergency.
• Determine the magnetic course to the alternate and divert immediately.
• Wind correction, actual distance and estimated time/fuel can then be computed while enroute to alternate.
Note: Use the radial of a nearby VOR or airway that most closely parallels the course to the alternate. Distances can be determined by placing a finger at the appropriate place on a straight edge of a piece of paper and then measuring the approximate distance on the mileage scale at the bottom of the chart.”

Excerpt From: Michael D. Hayes. “Private Oral Exam Guide.” Aviation Supplies and Academics, Inc., 2012-05-25. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

Check out this book on the iBooks Store: https://itun.es/us/VQfBR.l