5.6 organisms & respiratory substrates

Question 1

what are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 1

organisms that cannot survive in the presence of O2

Question 2

what are obligate aerobes?

Answer 2

organisms that can only synthesise ATP in the presence of O2

Question 3

what are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 3

synthesise ATP in presence of O2 but can switch to anaerobic respiration if no O2 is available

Question 4

do eukaryotes respire aerobically or anaerobically?

Answer 4

respire aerobically if O2 is available

respire anaerobically if O2 isn’t supplied quick enough to respiring cells

Question 5

what are respiratory substrates?

Answer 5

organic molecules broken down to release energy for ATP synthesis

Question 6

2. triglycerides (lipids) can be hydrolysed to what?

Answer 6

fatty acids

Question 7

2. fatty acids enter the krebs cycle via what?

Answer 7

acetyl coA and glycerol

Question 8

1. proteins are first hydrolysed to what before entering the respiratory pathway?

Answer 8

amino acids

Question 9

2. glycerol is converted to what before undergoing what?

Answer 9

pyruvate

before undergoing oxidative decarboxylation (link reaction)

Question 10

1. amino acids have to be what before entering the respiratory pathway via pyruvate?

Answer 10

deaminated

Question 11

2. fatty acids in a triglyceride can lead to the formation of how many what?

Answer 11

up to 50 acetyl coenzyme molecules

Question 12

2. the 50 acetyl coenzyme molecules from fatty acids can result in the synthesis of how many ATP?

Answer 12

up to 500

Question 13

2. lipids release how much more energy than carbohydrates?

Answer 13

two times

Question 14

1. the deamination of amino acids requires what? lowering what?

Answer 14

ATP

lowering net production of ATP