4.1 Protoctist Disease Flashcards
What are protoctists?
Eukaryotic organisms with a variety of feeding mechanisms
They are single celled and group into what?
Colonies
How are they transferred to hosts?
Vectors E.g. Malaria by mosquitos
Give an example of a protoctist affecting humans:
Malaria
(Malaria) what is malaria spread by?
Female mosquitoes
(Malaria) what are the symptoms?
Fever Sweats High temp Headaches Vomiting Muscle pain
(Malaria) what parasite causes malaria?
The plasmodium parasite
(Malaria) how is malaria spread?
Mosquito passing it into the bloodstream
Needles and blood transfusion
(Malaria) how many deaths did it cause in 2013?
584000
(Malaria) how can it be prevented?
Insect repellents
Nets
Antimalarial tablets
(Malaria) if left malaria can cause serious complications such as what?
Severe anaemia
Cerebral malaria - brain damage and seizures
(Malaria) 1. The mosquito injects what into the humans bloodstream?
saliva
Anti coagulants - stop blood clotting
(Malaria) 1. The saliva contains malarial paradises in the form of what?
Sporozoites
(Malaria)2. The sporozoites enter the liver where they do what?
Multiply and develop into merozoites
Leave liver
(Malaria) 3. Merozoites invade what?
Red blood cells where they feed and multiply
(Malaria) 3. The merozoites burst the RBCs causing what?
Fever
(Malaria) 4. Some merozoites invade other red blood cells developing into what?
Gametocytes
(Malaria) 4. If the host is bitten by a vector what can happen to these cells?
Taken up
(Malaria) 5. In the mosquito the gameocytes develop into what?
Gametes
(Malaria) 5. Male and female gametes form a sporozoite which does what?
Migrates to the salivary gland
What is a disease caused by protoctist in plants?
Potato/tomato late blight
(Late blight) what is it caused by?
Phytophthora infestants
(Late blight) what does it cause?
Black lesions in leaves and stems that rapidly expand
(Late blight) humid conditions cause what on the surface of infected tissue?
Spores
(Late blight) what can happen within days?
Entire plant is destroyed
(Late blight) infected tubers turn what colour?
Red brown
(Late blight) infected tubers are often invaded by what?
Soft rot bacteria
What mode of action do protoctists take?
Take over cells and break them open as a new generation emerge
