Chapter 5- ADAPTATIONS TO ANAEROBIC TRAINING PROGRAMS

Question 1

Following resistance training, augmented neural drive to the working musculature is the result of?

Answer 1

Increased agonist muscle recruitment

Muscle hyper trophy

Greater synchronization

Question 2

When one is performing a box to box ploy drop jump, in order to generate sufficient force in a limited amount of time, (<200ms), which muscle fibers are bypassed through the principle of selective recruitment?
A. I
B. IIa
c. IIx
D. IId

Answer 2

A. I

Question 3

Which of the following performances or physiological characteristics is NOT usually observed Ina state of nonfunctional overreaching within athlete populations?
A. Stagnation 
B. Hormonal disturbances
C. Mood disturbances and depression
D. Increased levels of fatigue

Answer 3

C. Mood disturbances

Question 4

Following prolonged periods of retraining in elite strength/ power athletes, which of the following physical characteristics will likely show the largest reduction as a consequence of the removal of an anaerobic training stimulus?
A. Slow twitch fiber
B. Fast twitch fiber

Answer 4

B Fast twitch

Question 5

Characterized by high intensity intermittent bouts of exercise that requires ATP to be regenerated at a faster rate than aerobic energy systems is capable of

Answer 5

Anaerobic training

Question 6

Exercises such as sprints, and plyo drills primarily stress the ___ system. They are usually less than 10 seconds

Answer 6

Phosphagen

Question 7

The functional unit of the neuromuscular system is the ____ unit

Answer 7

Motor unit

Question 8

A motor unit may inner ate <10 muscle fibers for small muscles

Answer 8

> 100 fibers for large powerful and limb muscles

Question 9

The recruitment or decruitment of motor units is an orderly manner is governed by the _____ principle

Answer 9

Size principle

Question 10

According to the principle, motor units are recruited in an ascending order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates

Answer 10

Size principle

Question 11

Exceptions to the size principle DO exist. Under certain circumstances, and athlete is able to inhibit the lower-threshold motor units

Answer 11

Selective recruitment

Question 12

The _______ junction is the interface between the nerve and the skeletal muscle fibers, and it represents another potential site for neural adaptation following anaerobic training.

Answer 12

Neuromuscular junction

Question 13

_____ is a tool used to examine the magnitude of neural activation within skeletal muscle., more body fat the weaker the signal

Answer 13

Electromyography

Question 14

The process of ____ involves both an increase in the synthesis of the contractile proteins actin and myosin within the myofibril and an increase in the number of myofibrils within the muscle fiber itself.

Answer 14

Hypertrophy

Question 15

The term given to an increase in the number of muscle fibers via longitudinal fiber splitting in response high intensity resistance training

Answer 15

Hyperplasia

Question 16

___ muscle has fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanted position)

Answer 16

Pennate muscle

Question 17

Any increase in muscle strength or mass may therefore result in a corresponding increase in _____ or the quantity of mineral deposited Ina given area of the bone

Answer 17

Bone mineral density

Question 18

A disease in which BMD and bone mass become reduced to critically low levels

Answer 18

Osteoporosis

Question 19

The primary structural component of all connective tissue is the ____ fiber

Answer 19

Collagen

Question 20

When training frequency volume or intensity is excessive with out sufficient rest, recovery and nutrition intake

Answer 20

Over training

Question 21

Training overload—–>Acute fatigue

Answer 21

Days

Question 22

FUnctional overreaching

Answer 22

Days to weeks

Question 23

Nonfunctional overreaching

Answer 23

Weeks to months

Question 24

Overtraining syndrome

Answer 24

Months or more

Question 25

Term given to a decrement in performance and loss of the accumulated physiological adaptations following the cessation of anaerobic training

Answer 25

Detraining

Question 26

The ____ is the interface between the nerve and the skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 26

Neuromuscular junction

Question 27

Exercise induced muscle damage and disruption of myofibrils and the uniform structure of muscle fiber sarcomeres following high intensity anaerobic training also have a marked effect on ____ growth

Answer 27

Muscle

Question 28

Spongy bone
A. Trabecular bone
B. Cortical bone

Answer 28

A.

Question 29

Compact bone

Answer 29

COrtical bone

Question 30

____ Bone is able to respond more rapidly to stimuli than cortical bone because it is softer, weaker, and more flexible and therefor einlcined to adaptive change.

Answer 30

Trabecular

Question 31

__ ___ ____ refers to the threshold stimulus that initiates new bone formation.

Answer 31

Minimal essential strain

Question 32

A disease in which BMD and bone mass become reduced to critically low levels.

Answer 32

Osteoporosis

Question 33

Microfractures in bone due to structural fatigue

Answer 33

Stress fractures

Question 34

The primary structural component of all connective tissue

Answer 34

Collagen

Question 35

The parallel arrangement of filament is called a microfibril. Collagen has a striped (striated) appearance.

Answer 35

The true strength of collagen comes from the strong chemical bonds (cross linking)

Question 36

Ligaments contain elastic fibers ____ in addition to collagen.

Answer 36

Elastin

Question 37

The sites where connective tissue can increase strength and load bearing capacity are

Answer 37

1. Junctions between the tendon and bone surfaces
2. Within the body of the tendon or ligament
3. In the network of fascia within skeletal muscle

Question 38

SPEcfic changes within a tendon that contribute to its increase in size and strength include the following

Answer 38

1. Increased in collagen fibril
2. A greater number of covalent cross links
3. An increase in the number of collagen fibrils

Question 39

The main functions of cartilage:

Answer 39

1. Provide a smooth joint articulating surface
2. Act a s a shock absorber for forces directed through the the joint
3. Aid in the attachment of connective tissue to the skeleton

Question 40

Cartilage found on the articulating surfaces of bone____

Answer 40

Hyaline cartilage

Question 41

A tough form of cartilage found in the intervertebral disk and at the junctions where tendons attach to bones.

Answer 41

Fibrous cartilage

Question 42

The rate pressure product has been shown to either remain constant or decrease following resistance training

Answer 42

STROKE VOLUME has been shown to increase magnitude but not relative to body surface area or lean body mass.

Question 43

Chronic resistance training alters cardiac dimensions. Increased left ventricle wall thickness.

Answer 43

True due to high BP

Question 44

What performance improvements occur with ANaerobic exercise?

Answer 44

1. Muscular strength- 40% increase, type 2x to type 2a (less fatigue )
2. Power-high loads 30-60%
3. Body comp- increase fat free mass and reduce body fat by up to 9%

Question 45

WHen an athlete intakes excessive training that leads to SHORT TERM decrement a in performance, this temporary response has been termed,

Answer 45

Overreaching or functional overreaching

Question 46

Without proper recovery an athlete can evolve into a state of extreme overreaching or ____ ____

Answer 46

Nonfunctional overreaching

Question 47

Prolonged maladaptation

Answer 47

Overtraining syndrome

Question 48

Overtraining can last as long as ___ months

Answer 48

6

Question 49

Decrement in performance and loss of the accumulated physiological adaptations

Answer 49

Detraining