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Question 1

Many primary producers and photosynthetic organism are in which biomes

Answer 1

tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Located near equator so these biomes receive a lot of sun

Question 2

what is most important threat to marine ecosystems?

Answer 2

overharvesting

Question 3

ecosystem

Answer 3

consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact

Question 4

Regardless of an ecosystem’s size, its dynamics involve two main processes:

Answer 4

energy flow and chemical cycling.

Energy flows through ecosystems, while matter cycles within ecosystems

Question 5

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

energy can’t be created or destroyed

Question 6

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

every exchange of energy increases the entropy of the universe

Question 7

trophic efficiency

Answer 7

is the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next
• It is usually about 10%, with a range of 5% to 20%

Question 8

Nutrient circuits in ecosystems involve biotic and abiotic components and are often called

Answer 8

biogeochemical cycles

Question 9

In studying cycling of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (biogeochemical cycles), ecologists focus on four factors:

Answer 9

1. Biological importance
2. Chemical Forms (including what is available and/or used by organisms)
3. Major reservoirs for each chemical
4. Key processes driving movement of each chemical through its cycle

Question 10

conservation biology

Answer 10

integrates ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity at all levels.

Question 11

______ is the most important factor in the decline of species

Answer 11

Habitat loss

Question 12

Current threats to biodiversity: HIPPO

Answer 12

• Habitat Destruction
• Introduced Species
• Pollution
• Population
• Overharvesting

Question 13

example of invasive species

Answer 13

lionfish

Question 14

ecosystem services

Answer 14

• The conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life
• In other words, benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems

Question 15

Four categories of ecosystem services:

Answer 15

• cultural
• provisioning
• regulating
• supporting

Question 16

which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

Answer 16

zooplankton-primary producer

it is a primary consumer

Question 17

which of these ecosystems has the lowest net primary production per square meter?

Answer 17

an open ocean

Question 18

the discipline that applies ecological principles to returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state is known as

Answer 18

restoration ecology

Question 19

nitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by

Answer 19

converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb

Question 20

which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem?

Answer 20

the rate of decomposition in the ecosystem

Question 21

the hubbard brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except

Answer 21

calcium levels remained high

Question 22

which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation

Answer 22

adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium

Question 23

if you applied a fungicide to a cornfield, what would you expect to happen to the rate of decomposition and net ecosystem production?

Answer 23

decomposition rate would decrease and NEP would increase

Question 24

one characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most others is

Answer 24

genetic diversity is very low

Question 25

the main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in earths atmosphere over the past 150 years is

Answer 25

the burning of large amounts of wood and fossil fuels

Question 26

what is the single greatest threat to biodiversity

Answer 26

habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

Question 27

which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification

Answer 27

toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top level predators than to primary consumers

Question 28

which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase genetic diversity of a population

Answer 28

introduce new individuals transported from other populations of same species

Question 29

of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which is not correct?

Answer 29

about 25% of earths land is protected

Question 30

food web

Answer 30

consist of many interconnected food chains and are more realistic representation of consumption relationships in ecosystems.