55/56 Flashcards

1
Q

Many primary producers and photosynthetic organism are in which biomes

A

tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Located near equator so these biomes receive a lot of sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is most important threat to marine ecosystems?

A

overharvesting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ecosystem

A

consists of all the organisms living in a community, as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Regardless of an ecosystem’s size, its dynamics involve two main processes:

A

energy flow and chemical cycling.

Energy flows through ecosystems, while matter cycles within ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy can’t be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

every exchange of energy increases the entropy of the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trophic efficiency

A

is the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next
• It is usually about 10%, with a range of 5% to 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nutrient circuits in ecosystems involve biotic and abiotic components and are often called

A

biogeochemical cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In studying cycling of water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (biogeochemical cycles), ecologists focus on four factors:

A
  1. Biological importance
  2. Chemical Forms (including what is available and/or used by organisms)
  3. Major reservoirs for each chemical
  4. Key processes driving movement of each chemical through its cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

conservation biology

A

integrates ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolutionary biology to conserve biological diversity at all levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ is the most important factor in the decline of species

A

Habitat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Current threats to biodiversity: HIPPO

A
  • Habitat Destruction
  • Introduced Species
  • Pollution
  • Population
  • Overharvesting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

example of invasive species

A

lionfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ecosystem services

A
  • The conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life
  • In other words, benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four categories of ecosystem services:

A
  • cultural
  • provisioning
  • regulating
  • supporting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

A

zooplankton-primary producer

it is a primary consumer

17
Q

which of these ecosystems has the lowest net primary production per square meter?

A

an open ocean

18
Q

the discipline that applies ecological principles to returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state is known as

A

restoration ecology

19
Q

nitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by

A

converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb

20
Q

which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem?

A

the rate of decomposition in the ecosystem

21
Q

the hubbard brook watershed deforestation experiment yielded all of the following results except

A

calcium levels remained high

22
Q

which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation

A

adding seeds of a chromium-accumulating plant to soil contaminated by chromium

23
Q

if you applied a fungicide to a cornfield, what would you expect to happen to the rate of decomposition and net ecosystem production?

A

decomposition rate would decrease and NEP would increase

24
Q

one characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most others is

A

genetic diversity is very low

25
Q

the main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in earths atmosphere over the past 150 years is

A

the burning of large amounts of wood and fossil fuels

26
Q

what is the single greatest threat to biodiversity

A

habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction

27
Q

which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification

A

toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top level predators than to primary consumers

28
Q

which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase genetic diversity of a population

A

introduce new individuals transported from other populations of same species

29
Q

of the following statements about protected areas that have been established to preserve biodiversity, which is not correct?

A

about 25% of earths land is protected

30
Q

food web

A

consist of many interconnected food chains and are more realistic representation of consumption relationships in ecosystems.