Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

domain 2 > 30 > Flashcards

30 Flashcards

1
Q

seed

A

consists of an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are common to all seed plants?

A
  1. Reduced gametophytes
  2. Heterospory
  3. Ovules
  4. Pollen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gymnosperm

A

refers to the exposed nature of the seeds

“naked seed” not enclosed by ovaries and are exposed to sporophylls that usually form cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Seeds produced on surface of _____ or similar structures, instead of enclosed within a fruit as in flowering plants.

A

sporophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phylum Coniferophyta

A

This phylum is by far the largest of the gymnosperm phyla (~600 species)
• Most conifers are evergreens and can carry out photosynthesis year round and dominate northern forests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three key features of the gymnosperm life cycle are:

A
  1. Dominance of the sporophyte generation
  2. Development of seeds from fertilized ovules
  3. The transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The gymnosperms have “naked” seeds not enclosed by ovaries and consist of four phyla:

A

– Cycadophyta (cycads)
– Gingkophyta (one living species: Ginkgo biloba)
– Gnetophyta (three genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia)
– Coniferophyta (conifers, such as pine, fir, and redwood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phylum Cycadophyta

A

• Individuals have large cones and palmlike leaves (but are not palms!)
– Slow-growing plants of tropics and subtropics
– Tall unbranched trunks
– Crown of large pinnately
divided leaves
• Thesethrivedduringthe Mesozoic, but relatively few species exist today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phylum Ginkophyta

A

Only one living species:Ginkgo biloba (maidenhair trees)
• Only exists in cultivation
– Notched, broad, fan-shaped leaves
• Leaves on short, slow-growing spurs.
– No midrib or prominent veins – Hair-like veins branch
dichotomously. – Dioecious!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is pollination?

A

is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a fruit

A

Matured ovary and its accessory parts
– Contains seeds
– All fruits develop from flower ovaries and accordingly are found exclusively in flowering plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

double fertilization

A

occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm

into the female gametophyte within an ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ and ___ are key adaptations for life on land

A

seeds and pollen grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a microspore develops into a

A

pollen grain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in gymnosperms, the seeds are produced where? as opposed to flowering plants

A

produced on sporophylls as opposed to inside of a fruit in flowering plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the pine tree is the ____ and produces ____

A

sporophyte and produces sporangia in male and female cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Small cones produce _____ called ____ each of which contains a ____ gametophyte

A

microspores; pollen grains; male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

familiar larger cones contain ,which produce _____ that develop into _____ gametophytes

A

ovules; megaspores; female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It takes nearly ___ years from cone production to mature seed

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the four phyla of the gymnosperms?

A

– Cycadophyta (cycads)
– Gingkophyta (one living species: Ginkgo biloba)
– Gnetophyta (three genera: Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia)
– Coniferophyta (conifers, such as pine, fir, and redwood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dioecious

A

Male and female structures on separate trees.

phylum gingkophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

angiosperms

A

seed plants with reproductive structures called flowers and fruits; They are the most widespread and diverse of all plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

All angiosperms are classified in a single phylum, _____ (aka Anthophyta)

A

Magnoliophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

exocarp

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

endocarp

A

inner boundary around seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mesocarp

A

Tissue between exocarp and endocarp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Three regions collectively called

A

pericarp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

True fruits contain only______ ; accessory fruits are those that contain any _______

A

ovarian tissue; nonovarian tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

fleshy

A

mesocarp is at least partly fleshy at maturity.
Simple fleshy fruits develop from a flower with a single pistil
Are eaten during the natural seed distribution process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dry

A

mesocarp is dry at maturity

Is typically not eaten by the natural seed- distributing animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are fruit adaptations that enhance seed dispersal?

A

wind, animal transportation, animal ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

flower of the sporophyte is composed of ______

A

both male and female structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____ are contained within pollen grains produced by the

microsporangia of anthers

A

male gametophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The female gametophyte, or _____ , develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

A

embryo sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The ovule is entered by a pore called the

A

micropyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

_____ occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm

into the female gametophyte within an ovule

A

double fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

One sperm fertilizes the egg, while the other combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food- storing _____

A

endosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The _____ nourishes the developing embryo

A

endosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

More than _____ of world’s plants face extinction

A

1/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

flower

A

a unique angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

ovary matures into a ____

A

fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

monocot

A

species with one cotyledon (an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

dicot

A

two cotyledon

44
Q

eudicots

A

true dicots

45
Q

magnoliids

A

Magnoliids are a group of flowering plants. ; fourth lineage

46
Q

human welfare depends on plants. provide examples

A

– Gymnosperms supply most of our lumber and paper.
– Angiosperms
• Provide nearly all our food
• Supply fiber, medications, perfumes, and decoration
– Agriculture is a unique kind of evolutionary relationship between plants and animals.

47
Q

In which one of the following major plant groups do most of the species NOT produce flagellated sperm?

A

seed plants

48
Q

Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not of seedless plants?

A

The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyte.

49
Q

The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into _____.

A

seeds

50
Q

A pea pod is formed from ____. A pea inside the pod is formed from ____.

A

an ovary … an ovule

51
Q

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.

A

produces spores

52
Q

Which evolutionary advance gave the gymnosperms an adaptive advantage at the time they were evolving?

A

seed

53
Q

Seeds have advantages over spores. For example, __________.

A

seeds contain the young plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering

54
Q

All seed plants ____________.

A

are heterosporous

55
Q

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms have _____.

A

pollen, seeds, and ovules.

56
Q

Gymnosperms __________.

A

produce seeds that are totally exposed

57
Q

An explorer found a plant that had roots, stems, and leaves. It had no flowers but produced seeds. This plant sounds like a(n) _____.

A

gymnosperm

58
Q

Which of the following best describes how fertilization occurs in a conifer?

A

A pollen grain carried by wind carries a sperm that fertilizes the egg.

59
Q

The male gametophyte in pine is commonly known as _____.

A

pollen

60
Q

Conifers usually ____________.

A

bear both male and female cones on the same tree

61
Q

Pollen is __________ and contains __________.

A

haploid … sperm nuclei

62
Q

All gametophytes are _____.

A

haploid

63
Q

Most species of plants are _____.

A

angiosperms

64
Q

The defining reproductive adaptation of angiosperms is the __________.

A

flower

65
Q

The portion of the flower that receives the pollen is the _____.

A

stigma

66
Q

In the process of pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the _____ to the _____.

A

anther … stigma

67
Q

Male floral parts include __________.

A

stamens: anthers and filaments

68
Q

The “male” structures of angiosperms are called __________, and they produce __________.

A

anthers … pollen

69
Q

The “female” structures of angiosperms are called __________, and they produce __________.

A

carpels … ovules

70
Q

A fruit is a mature _____.

A

ovary

71
Q

After fertilization, the _____ develops into a seed and the _____ develops into a fruit.

A

ovule … ovary

72
Q

Aggregate fruit is formed from __________; simple fruit is formed from _______; and multiple fruit is formed from ________.

A

a single flower with several separate ovaries … a single ovary … the fusion of ovaries of separate flowers

73
Q

Which one of the following best describes the function of fruits?

A

to protect and disperse the seeds

74
Q

What do the “mono-“ and “-di-“ refer to in “monocots” and “dicots”?

A

the number of “seed leaves”

75
Q

In a flowering plant, meiosis occurs within the _____, producing a spore that develops into a female gametophyte

A

ovule

76
Q

Select the INCORRECT association.

A

sepals … containment of sporangia

77
Q

Meiosis will produce microspores in the _____.

A

anther

78
Q

All of the following are true about angiosperm spores EXCEPT _____

A

the spores are part of the asexual reproductive cycle

79
Q

Which one of the following is diploid?

A

megasporocyte

80
Q

The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the _____.

A

union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus while the other sperm nucleus unites with the nuclei of the center cell, forming a triploid nucleus

81
Q

The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the _____.

A

endosperm

82
Q

In angiosperms, each pollen grain produces two sperm. What do these sperm do?

A

One fertilizes an egg and the other fertilizes a cell that develops into stored food.

83
Q

What is endosperm?

A

stored food in a seed

84
Q

Unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms have _____.

A

endosperm

85
Q

Double fertilization __________.

A

the second and third choices

86
Q

In gymnosperms, the seed coat develops from the integuments. In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the ____.

A

integuments

87
Q

A plant is said to be cross-pollinated if __________.

A

pollen grains are transferred to a flower on a different plant

88
Q

Some plants have evolved to attract specific animals. The animal receives a meal and the plant is assured that its pollen will not be wasted on plants of different species. Through time, the plant gets better at attracting that animal and the animal gets more specialized for feeding on that plant. This type of long-term interplay between populations is referred to as _____.

A

coevolution

89
Q

At current rates of deforestation, tropical rain forests will be eliminated in ______ years.

A

25

90
Q

You find a wildflower that has large, brilliantly colored petals, but it has no odor. What can you deduce about its pollinators?

A

Its pollinators locate flowers by visual cues rather than by smell.

91
Q

Like gymnosperms, many grasses and angiosperm trees are wind-pollinated. To conserve energy, these angiosperms do not produce complete flowers (complete flowers have all four of the basic parts). Which part would wind-pollinated angiosperms be most likely NOT to have?

A

petals

92
Q

Most of the seeds used for human consumption come from __________.

A

angiosperm

93
Q

The evolutionary advance that made possible the colonization of dry environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evolution of _____.

A

pollen

94
Q

Gymnosperms were most abundant during the _____.

A

mesozoic

95
Q

The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the __________.

A

presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

96
Q

Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower?

A

petals

97
Q

where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

A

within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

98
Q

key features of seed plants facilitating life on land include three of the following traits. select the exception

A

homospory

99
Q

with respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with the chromosome count

A

megaspore -2n

100
Q

which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?

A

alteration of generations

101
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except

A

ovaries

102
Q

megaspores give rise to

A

female gametophytes

103
Q

microsporangia on microsporophylls produce

A

microspores that give rise to male gametophytes

104
Q

each megasporangium has ___ megaspore where as microsporangium has ___ microspores

A

one; many

105
Q

the ____ of an ovule develops into the proactive coat of a seed

A

integument

domain 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions