38 Flashcards
Pollination Syndromes
suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors
megaspores are
haploid
megasporocyte undergoes
meiosis
microspores are
haploid
pollen vectors can be
abiotic (wind, water) or biotic (animals).
simple fruits
can be either dry or fleshy, and develop from a flower with a single pistil.
Aggregate fruits
are derived from a single flower with several to many pistils.
multiple fruits
are derived from several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence.
berry
From simple or compound ovary, with more than one seed, and with fleshy pericarp
true berry
relatively soft pericarp
– Tomatoes,grapes,peppers, blueberries.ba
drupe
Simple fleshy fruit with single seed enclosed by hard, stony, endocarp (aka “pit”)
• Stone fruits: peach, cherry, plum, apricot
pome
Simple fleshy fruit with endocarp tough and papery, central core containing the seeds
• Pome fruits: apple or pearl
a fruit is
a mature ovary
double fertilization means that
one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei
“bt maize”
includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests
which statement concerning grafting is correct
stocks provide root systems for grafting
some dioecious species have XY genotype for male and XX for female. after double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?
embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY
a small flower with green petals is most likely
wind pollinated
the black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. the fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. therefore a strawberry is
both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit
In alternation of generations in plants _____.
the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through mitosis and cellular differentiation
Flowers bear seeds in protective chambers called _____.
ovaries
Which one of the following is diploid?
megasporocyte
When wind is the main method of pollination __________.
all of the above
What is endosperm?
stored food in a seed
In angiosperms, double fertilization produces _____.
the embryo and the endosperm
In angiosperms, the seed coat develops from the _____.
integuments
Why do seeds need water to germinate?
Following hydration, enzymes break down stored food and make it available for the embryo
