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COT 1 (WPH) > 5.4 lab - cartilage, bone, synovial joint > Flashcards

5.4 lab - cartilage, bone, synovial joint Flashcards

1
Q

a high proportion of what material composes the lamina propria?

A

elastic fibers

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2
Q

a high proportion of what material composes the submucosa?

A

collagen

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3
Q

what materials compose the lamina propria and submucosa respectively?

A

lamina propria - elastic fibers

submucosa - collagen fibers

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4
Q

“hylaine” is a generic adjective that means __

A

glassy

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5
Q

cartilage is made of type __ cartilage

A

type II

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6
Q

2 matrix regions in hyalin cartilage

A
  • territorial matrix - slighly more basophilic immediately surrounding isogenous group
  • interterritorial matrix - lighter staining areas between territorial matrices
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7
Q

territorial matrix

A

slighly more basophilic area in hyaline cartilage immediately surrounding an isogenous group of chondrocytes

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8
Q

interterritorial matrix

A

lighter staining areas of hyalin cartilage between the territorial matrices that immediately surround isogenous groups of chondrocytes

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9
Q

slighly more basophilic area in hyaline cartilage immediately surrounding an isogenous group of chondrocytes

A

territorial matrix

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10
Q

lighter staining areas of hyalin cartilage between the territorial matrices that immediately surround isogenous groups of chondrocytes

A

interterritorial matrix

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11
Q

predominant resident cell of hyalin cartilage

A

chondrocyte

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12
Q

which portion of hyaline cartilage is relatively older and which is younger?

A 
inner = older
outer = younger
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13
Q

why do isogenous groups form in cartilage?

A

because, unlike other connective tissues, cartilage does not allow cell movement, so when a parent cell divides into daughter cells they are kept close to each other

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14
Q

where are isogenous groups more prominent, in the inner or outer portions of cartilage?

A

inner, older poriton of cartilage

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15
Q

the space in which a chondrocyte sits

A

lacuna

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16
Q

lacuna

A

the space in which a chondrocyte or osteocyte sits

filled by cell in vivo, but cell shrinks in slide preparation so looks like an empty space with smaller cell inside

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17
Q

is the outer fibrous layer of perichondrium or periosteum dense irregular or dense regular connective tissue?

A

in between
fibers randomly oriented in 2D, not 3D, so appear more like dense regular connective tissue or smooth muscle (but proper term is outer fibrous perichondrium layer)

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18
Q

what cells exist in the inner cellular layers of perichondrium and periosteum?

A

chondroblasts

osteoblasts

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19
Q

3 examples of fetal cartilage

A

nasal septum
meckel’s cartilage
epiphyseal cartilage (closest to joint cavity)

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20
Q

U-shaped piece of fetal cartilage that has evolutionary significance as a structural element of the jaw. disappears in the adult

A

meckel’s cartilage

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21
Q

how to tell fetal hyaline cartilage from adult hyaline cartilage

A

cartilage matrix will be less mature and isogenous groups will not be mature in fetal cartilage

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22
Q

the bridge of the nose is what kind of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

the ear is what kind of cartilage?

A

elastic cartilage

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24
Q

elastic cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage with elastin fibers added to the matrix

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25
stain for elastin
vaerhoeff's stain
26
vaerhoeff's stain
stains elastin (black)
27
are elastic fibers more concentrated in territorial matrix or interterritorial matrix of elastic cartilage?
territorial matrix (right around isogenous groups)
28
is there elastin in the perichondrial layer of elastic cartilage?
yes
29
fibrocartilage
a transitional tissue between connective tissue and hyaline cartilage - type I collagen invading hyaline cartilage matrix -e.g. pubic symphysis, intervertebral disk, where perichondrium separates from from cartilage in joint cavity
30
where is fibrocartilage generally found?
where hyaline cartilage attaches to fibrous connective tissue
31
T/F elastic cartilage is found in the pubic symphisis
false elastic cartilage in ear fibrocartilage in pubic symphysis
32
T/F fibrocartilage is found in the ear and bridge of the nose
false ear = elastic cartilage nose bridge = hyaline cartilage pubic symphysis = fibrocartilage
33
what does fibrocartilage look like on LM?
like dense connective tissue merging with cartilage and invading it to a degree
34
name 3 types of cartilage and examples of their locations
hyaline cartilage - joints, trachea, nose bridge elastic cartilage - ear firbocartilage - pubic symphysis, intervertebral disk, where perichondrium separates from from cartilage in joint cavity
35
T/F fibrocartilage is a transitional tissue
true | transition between connective tissue and hyaline cartilage
36
T/F compact and spongy bone exist on a continuum
true
37
cortical bone
compact bone surrounding spongy bone
38
the opposite of cortical bone is....
the medulla (spongy inner bone)
39
compact bone is also called...
cortical or dense
40
spongy bone is also called
cancellous or trabecular
41
trabecular bone =
spongy or cancellous bone
42
dense bone =
compact or cortical bone
43
non-mineralized spaces occur where in compact bone
haversian and volkmann's canals
44
non-mineralized spaces occur where in spongy bone
in the multitude of spaces between trabeculae | -unmineralized spaces may consists of fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, or hematopoietic tissue
45
what fills the unmineralized spaces of bones?
- fibrous connective tissue - adipose tissue - hematopoietic tissue - blood vessels
46
what macroscopic classification of bone has the greatest strength / weight ratio?
spongy bone
47
birds have a typically higher percentage of what macroscopic class of bone?
spongy bone
48
what fills the marrow of bones?
- fibrous connective tissue - adipose tissue - hematopoietic tissue - blood vessels
49
primary (woven) bone is laid upon...
a connective tissue matrix
50
lamellar (secondary) bone is laid upon...
existing bone | or replacing existing bone
51
the outer layer of a long bone is called the...
outer circumferential layer | a layer of appositional growth
52
the inner layer of a long bone is called the...
inner circumferential layer | a layer of appositional growth
53
outer circumferential layer
outer layer of appositional growth of long bone
54
inner circumferential layer
inner layer of appositional growth of long bone
55
cementing lines
deeply basophilic lines between successive lamellae of bone
56
deeply basophilic lines between successive lamellae of bone
cementing lines
57
how does haversion growth occur
- osteoclast cells bore a hole - perfusion - osteoblasts lay down lamellae; osteocytes
58
what is the name for each circular compact bone structure formed by haversian growth?
osteon
59
osteon
circular compact bone structure formed by haversian growth
60
the center of an osteon
haversian canal - lacuna - nerve, artery, vein - endothelial cells - connective tissue space - osteocytes
61
main feature of a haversian canal
blood vessel (nerve, artery, vein)
62
lacuna in compact bone
space at center of haversian system / osteon
63
homologous spaces surrounding osteocytes and chondrocytes
lacunae
64
cells that fill lacunae in cartilage and bone
chondrocytes | osteocytes
65
volkmann's canals
connect osteons / haversian canals with vasculature
66
connect osteons / haversian canals with vasculature
volkmann's canals
67
bone and cartilage differ in that __ is vascular and __ is avascular
bone is vascular | cartilage is avascular
68
T/F parts of the vascular network in compact bone can lie outside of osteons
true | other larger blood vessels can be present
69
is the bone between osteons woven or lamellar?
depends on age / maturity early - osteons replace woven bone older - osteons replace other osteons
70
T/F in a younger bone, inner and outer circumferential lamellae occupy less of the total compact bone area
true | as bone ages, inner and outer lamella grow
71
T/F unlike in cartilage, the interface between bone and surrounding tissue always consists of at least one intact layer of cells
true breaking a bone disrupts this layer and begins restorative response (analagous to breaking endothelial layer and initiating clotting response)
72
what is the function in the cellular periosteum and endosteum after bone breakage?
disruption of the cellular layer initiates the restorative response (analagous to breaking endothelial layer and initiating clotting response)
73
what initiates the restorative response following bone breakage?
disruption of the cellular layers (cellular periosteum and endosteum) (analagous to breaking endothelial layer and initiating clotting response)
74
normally, the fibrous layer predominates the __osteum and the cellular layer predominates the __osteum
fibrous layer predominates periosteum | cellular layer predominates endosteum
75
how does a ground section of bone differ from a traditionally prepared histological section of bone?
ground section is still mineralized | traditional sections are demineralized so they can be cut
76
what are ground sections of bone useful for?
staining with an inert stain (india ink) which will show surface irregularities - lacunae - canaliculi
77
canaliculi
tiny channels that allow communication between trapped but still living and communicating osteocytes
78
tiny channels that allow communication between trapped but still living and communicating osteocytes
canaliculi
79
how can you prep a histological slide for visualization of canaliculi?
- use a ground section of bone (still mineralized) - stain with an inert stain (india ink) which will show surface irregularities - observe lacunae - observe canaliculi
80
spaces between osteons
interstitial lamellae - no longer functional osteons that have been replaced - or woven bone if younger specimin
81
interstitial lamellae
spaces between osteons - no longer functional osteons that have been replaced - or woven bone if younger specimin
82
synovial joint
fluid filled cavity encapsulated by wall of periosteal tissue covering surface of two articulating bones
83
fluid filled cavity encapsulated by wall of periosteal tissue covering surface of two articulating bones
synovial joint
84
what composes the synovial membrane?
wall of periosteal tissue
85
put simply, a synovial joint is a joint that ....
moves freely
86
T/F articular cartilage is a specialized form of hyaline cartilage
true
87
how is articular cartilage distinct from hyaline cartilage?
differential staining | -the extracellular matrix stains differently because type II collagen fibers are aligned parallel to the surface
88
if there were such a thing as "dense irregular cartilage" this would be it
articular cartilage | -the extracellular matrix stains differently because type II collagen fibers are aligned parallel to the surface
89
every surface in the synovial joint should be either __ or __
articular cartilage or | synovial membrane
90
what composes the synovial membrane?
- type I collagen - elastin - synoviocytes - A-cells - macrophage-like - B-cells - secretory - rich in sensory nerve fibers - deeper fibrous layer
91
synoviocyte
resident cells of synovial membrane A-cell - macrophage for local debris B-cell - secretes synovial fluid
92
resident cells of the synovial membrane
synoviocytes: A-cell - macrophage for local debris B-cell - secretes synovial fluid
93
what kinds of fibers are found in the synovial membrane?
type I collagen | elastin
94
T/F the synovial membrane is not relatively innervated
false | rich in sensory nerve fibers

COT 1 (WPH) (25 decks)

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