1.4 & 2.1 functional ultrastructure & cell bio Flashcards
T/F most epithelial cells have a basal membrane
false - All epithelial cells have a basement membrane
“adluminal” signifies
apical – toward the lumen
“abluminal” signifies
basal – away from the lumen
this cell surface specialization “beats,” and has a motile function
cilia
is connective tissue composed of cells or extracellular matrix?
both
why is “stereocilia” a misnomer
because they are not the same as cilia – they do not beat and have no motile function, only absorptive
this cell surface specialization functions to increase surface area for absorption but is too small to be resolved on LM
microvilli
what are goblet cells
glandular, simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus
what prominent cell type can be found in a tracheal section but not an esophageal section?
cartilage
skeletal muscle fibers are “syncytia,” which means that they
are formed from several individual cells joining together during development
2 ways to tell smooth and skeletal muscle apart
- smooth muscle isn’t striated (less orderly actin/myosin filaments)
- smooth muscle has central nuclei vs skeletal muscle’s nuclei squished to the side of the cell
how can you tell glands and blood vessels apart?
glands are often ciliated and have thicker, more columnar epithelia vs blood vessels’ simple squamous epithelia
on LM, the basal lamina can only be seen as the _.
on EM, the basal lamina can be seen as the _, _ and _.
- basement membrane
- lamina lucida, lamina densa, lamina reticularis
lamina lucida
attached to basal cell
what does the “unit membrane” refer to
just an older term for “plasma membrane” of a cell
the two inner faces of a membrane lipid bilayer are called…
- the P-face (protoplasmic)
- the E-face (ectoplasmic
freeze fracture technique
freeze tissues and crack apart – cracks along hydrophobic domains of cell membranes (only parts that are not frozen) exposing hydrophobic areas of membranes
an important protein-sugar functional extension of the cell surface is called
glycocalyx
site of lipid/steroid production
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
site of protein packaging & addressing
golgi
on H&E, mitochondria stains…
eosinophilic
basal striations
folds in a membrane to increase surface area
endocytosis
uptake of substances from extracellular space
phagocytosis
uptake & digestion of extracellular substances