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COT 1 (WPH) > 4.4 lab - motile cells in blood and ct > Flashcards

4.4 lab - motile cells in blood and ct Flashcards

1
Q

what do platelets look like on LM in a blood smear

A

dusty bits

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2
Q

the dusty bits on an LM blood smear are __

A

platelets

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3
Q

the most numerous formed elements in a blood smear are __

A

platelets

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4
Q

2 classes of leukocytes in a blood smear

A

granulocytes
(neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
agranulocytes
(lymphocytes, monocytes)

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5
Q

a dehydrates, star-shaped RBC is said to be __

A

crenated

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6
Q

T/F blood can be thought of as conective tissue with basically no fibrous component (although can easily clot through collaboration between proteins and platelet factors)

A

true
cells = formed elements
ground substance = plasma

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7
Q

what is the “ground substance” of the connective tissue that is blood?

A

plasma

water, carrier proteins, fibrous proteins, antibodies, etc

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8
Q

why do we say “formed elements” of blood rather than “cells” ?

A

because there are many membrane bound structures with no nuclei (RBCs, platelets)

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9
Q

why is “red blood cell” technically a misnomer?

A

RBCs have no nuclei

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10
Q

which leukocytes in blood and what are their frequencies?

A 
NeverLetMonkeysEatBananas
neutrophil - 60%
lymphocyte - 30%
monocyte - 5%
eosinophil - 2%
basophil - 1%
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11
Q

how many lobes in a neutrophil nucleus

A

2-5

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12
Q

how many lobes in an eosinophil nucleus

A

2-4

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13
Q

how many lobes in a basophil nucleus

A

2 usually

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14
Q

which leukocytes in blood have lobed nuclei?

A

granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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15
Q

what is the shape of a lymphocyte nucleus?

A

round and taking up most of cytoplasm

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16
Q

what is the shape of a monocyte nucleus?

A

kidney bean in a larger cell

kink = cytocentrum = MTOC/centrioles

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17
Q

this is the only leukocyte with a round nucleus

A

lymphocyte

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18
Q

what are two other names for an RBC?

A

erythrocyte

normocyte

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19
Q

normocyte

A

RBC

erythrocyte

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20
Q

basophils (blood only) are similar in function but from different lineages than this motile cell of the connective tissue

A

mast cell

like basophil, contains histamine and heparin granules and facilitates allergic response

21
Q 
function of:
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
A

neutrophil - intimicrobial
eosinophil - antihelminthic (parasites), allerg
basophil - histamine, heparine, allerg rspns
lymphocyte - immune response
monocyte - immature macrophage

22
Q

corpus luteum

A

cells left behind in ovarian follicle after ovulation

-quickly clots from broken blood vessels which functioned in steroid hormone transport

23
Q

cells left behind in ovarian follicle after ovulation

-quickly clots from broken blood vessels which functioned in steroid hormone transport

A

corpus luteum

24
Q

scar that results from an ovulated follicle

A

corpus albicans

25
Q

corpus albicans

A

scar that results from an ovulated follicle

-after corpus luteum clots and scars

26
Q

difference between corpus luteum and corpus albicans?

A

luteum - clotting, dispersed fibers, RBCs, macrophages, neutrophils
albicans - fibroblasts and dense irreg ct

27
Q

plasmodium falciparum =

A

the most fatal malarial parasitic protozoan

28
Q

what does malaria look like on a blood smear?

A

1-5 vesicles or dense dots inside RBCs

29
Q

how can you notice leukocytes prematurely released from the bone marrow in a blood smear, e.g. in the case of leukemia?

A

abnormally large size and nucleoli evident as light “holes” in nuclei

30
Q

normally what percent of cells in a blood smear are leukocytes?

A

~1%

31
Q

what kind of a WBC/RBC ratio might indicate pathology?

A

> 1/100

32
Q

what are two abnormal appearances of RBCs on a blood smear?

A 
crenation (shrunk / starred)
en rouleaux (life savers packing together)
33
Q

en rouleaux

A

abnormal clumping together of RBCs into life-savers like rolls
(occurs when higher than normal plasma protein concentrations)

34
Q

abnormal clumping together of RBCs into life-savers like rolls (occurs when higher than normal plasma protein concentrations)

A

en rouleaux

35
Q

when do en rouleaux and crenulated RBC appearances arise?

A

crenulation - hypertonic solution

en rouleaux - high conc plasma proteins

36
Q

what organs are likely quickest to be compromised in the event of blood pathogen?

A

spleen - breakdown of blood

liver - metabolism of broken down elements

37
Q

resident cells of connective tissue

A

fibroblast
unilocular adipocyte
multilocular adipocite

38
Q

what are motile cells of connective tissue

A

derived from blood cell (hematopoeitic) precursors

39
Q

what motile cells might you find in connective tissue but not in blood?

A 
macrophage (from monocyte)
plasma cell (from B-lymphocite)
mast cell (similar to basophil but round clockface nucleus or round dark nucleus instead of lobed)
40
Q

what motile cells might you find in blood but not connective tissue?

A

monocyte (immature macrophage)

basophil (similar to mast cell but lobed nucleus)

41
Q

what motile cells might you find in both connective tissue and blood?

A

neutrophil
eosinophil
lymphocyte

42
Q

how does a mast cell appear?

A

in connective tissue
granules with
clockface nucleus OR uniformly dark nucleus if already produced all granules (may become relatively quiescent)

43
Q

T/F plasma cells May travel in blood, but primary location is in connective tissue

A

true

in lymph nodules etc, where it is actively making antibodies

44
Q

what is supravital staining?

A

stained when organism still alive

-macrophages will try to ingest stain

45
Q

what is one way to stain macrophages specifically?

A

supravital staining (stain while living)
e.g. with india ink
macrophages will ingest the stain

46
Q

diapedesis

A

after rolling adhesion, blood cell squeezing through endothelium to connective tissue

47
Q

rolling adhesion

A

endothelial surface proteins bind blood cells to slow them down for diapedesis (squeezing through to connective tissue)

48
Q

foreign body giant cell

A

when foreign body is bigger than macrophage, macrophages combine to form foreign body giant cell
-ingest foreign body if possible, if biologically inert FBGCs will wall off the foreign body from the rest of tissue

49
Q

what happens if a foreign body is larger than a macrophage?

A

macrophages combine to form foreign body giant cell

-ingest foreign body if possible, if biologically inert FBGCs will wall off the foreign body from the rest of tissue

COT 1 (WPH) (25 decks)

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