4.4 lab - motile cells in blood and ct Flashcards
what do platelets look like on LM in a blood smear
dusty bits
the dusty bits on an LM blood smear are __
platelets
the most numerous formed elements in a blood smear are __
platelets
2 classes of leukocytes in a blood smear
granulocytes
(neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
agranulocytes
(lymphocytes, monocytes)
a dehydrates, star-shaped RBC is said to be __
crenated
T/F blood can be thought of as conective tissue with basically no fibrous component (although can easily clot through collaboration between proteins and platelet factors)
true
cells = formed elements
ground substance = plasma
what is the “ground substance” of the connective tissue that is blood?
plasma
water, carrier proteins, fibrous proteins, antibodies, etc
why do we say “formed elements” of blood rather than “cells” ?
because there are many membrane bound structures with no nuclei (RBCs, platelets)
why is “red blood cell” technically a misnomer?
RBCs have no nuclei
which leukocytes in blood and what are their frequencies?
NeverLetMonkeysEatBananas neutrophil - 60% lymphocyte - 30% monocyte - 5% eosinophil - 2% basophil - 1%
how many lobes in a neutrophil nucleus
2-5
how many lobes in an eosinophil nucleus
2-4
how many lobes in a basophil nucleus
2 usually
which leukocytes in blood have lobed nuclei?
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
what is the shape of a lymphocyte nucleus?
round and taking up most of cytoplasm
what is the shape of a monocyte nucleus?
kidney bean in a larger cell
kink = cytocentrum = MTOC/centrioles
this is the only leukocyte with a round nucleus
lymphocyte
what are two other names for an RBC?
erythrocyte
normocyte
normocyte
RBC
erythrocyte
basophils (blood only) are similar in function but from different lineages than this motile cell of the connective tissue
mast cell
like basophil, contains histamine and heparin granules and facilitates allergic response
function of: neutrophil eosinophil basophil lymphocyte monocyte
neutrophil - intimicrobial
eosinophil - antihelminthic (parasites), allerg
basophil - histamine, heparine, allerg rspns
lymphocyte - immune response
monocyte - immature macrophage
corpus luteum
cells left behind in ovarian follicle after ovulation
-quickly clots from broken blood vessels which functioned in steroid hormone transport
cells left behind in ovarian follicle after ovulation
-quickly clots from broken blood vessels which functioned in steroid hormone transport
corpus luteum
scar that results from an ovulated follicle
corpus albicans
corpus albicans
scar that results from an ovulated follicle
-after corpus luteum clots and scars
difference between corpus luteum and corpus albicans?
luteum - clotting, dispersed fibers, RBCs, macrophages, neutrophils
albicans - fibroblasts and dense irreg ct
plasmodium falciparum =
the most fatal malarial parasitic protozoan
what does malaria look like on a blood smear?
1-5 vesicles or dense dots inside RBCs
how can you notice leukocytes prematurely released from the bone marrow in a blood smear, e.g. in the case of leukemia?
abnormally large size and nucleoli evident as light “holes” in nuclei
normally what percent of cells in a blood smear are leukocytes?
~1%
what kind of a WBC/RBC ratio might indicate pathology?
> 1/100
what are two abnormal appearances of RBCs on a blood smear?
crenation (shrunk / starred) en rouleaux (life savers packing together)
en rouleaux
abnormal clumping together of RBCs into life-savers like rolls
(occurs when higher than normal plasma protein concentrations)
abnormal clumping together of RBCs into life-savers like rolls (occurs when higher than normal plasma protein concentrations)
en rouleaux
when do en rouleaux and crenulated RBC appearances arise?
crenulation - hypertonic solution
en rouleaux - high conc plasma proteins
what organs are likely quickest to be compromised in the event of blood pathogen?
spleen - breakdown of blood
liver - metabolism of broken down elements
resident cells of connective tissue
fibroblast
unilocular adipocyte
multilocular adipocite
what are motile cells of connective tissue
derived from blood cell (hematopoeitic) precursors
what motile cells might you find in connective tissue but not in blood?
macrophage (from monocyte) plasma cell (from B-lymphocite) mast cell (similar to basophil but round clockface nucleus or round dark nucleus instead of lobed)
what motile cells might you find in blood but not connective tissue?
monocyte (immature macrophage)
basophil (similar to mast cell but lobed nucleus)
what motile cells might you find in both connective tissue and blood?
neutrophil
eosinophil
lymphocyte
how does a mast cell appear?
in connective tissue
granules with
clockface nucleus OR uniformly dark nucleus if already produced all granules (may become relatively quiescent)
T/F plasma cells May travel in blood, but primary location is in connective tissue
true
in lymph nodules etc, where it is actively making antibodies
what is supravital staining?
stained when organism still alive
-macrophages will try to ingest stain
what is one way to stain macrophages specifically?
supravital staining (stain while living)
e.g. with india ink
macrophages will ingest the stain
diapedesis
after rolling adhesion, blood cell squeezing through endothelium to connective tissue
rolling adhesion
endothelial surface proteins bind blood cells to slow them down for diapedesis (squeezing through to connective tissue)
foreign body giant cell
when foreign body is bigger than macrophage, macrophages combine to form foreign body giant cell
-ingest foreign body if possible, if biologically inert FBGCs will wall off the foreign body from the rest of tissue
what happens if a foreign body is larger than a macrophage?
macrophages combine to form foreign body giant cell
-ingest foreign body if possible, if biologically inert FBGCs will wall off the foreign body from the rest of tissue
