2.2 lab - cellular pathology

Question 1

what kind of glands have epithelia?

Answer 1

all of them

Question 2

increase in cell size is called

Answer 2

hypertrophy

Question 3

decrease in cell size is called

Answer 3

atrophy

Question 4

increase in cell number is called

Answer 4

hyperplasia

Question 5

abnormal cell growth is called

Answer 5

displasia

Question 6

hyperplasia and hypertrophy are characteristic of the endometrium in which phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

proliferative and secretory

Question 7

lateral saculations develop in the endometrium in this phase of the menstrual cycle

Answer 7

secretory phase (lateral saculations are folds that increase the surface area of glands)

Question 8

leukocytic infiltration of connective tissue and hypertrophic vasculature are signs of __

Answer 8

inflammation

Question 9

what does the term “ulcer” refer to?

Answer 9

a compromise in the integrity of epithelium

Question 10

in what phase of the menstrual cycle should inflammation of the endometrium be evident?

Answer 10

menstrual phase

Question 11

hypertrophy of an ovarian follicle involves ___ of the oocyte and ___ of the granulosa cells

Answer 11

• hypertrophy of the oocyte

- hyperplasia of the granulosa cells

Question 12

space in an ovarian follicle is occupied by

Answer 12

liquor folliculi

Question 13

an “atretic” follicle is…

Answer 13

undergoing apoptosis

Question 14

cellular apoptosis in an ovarian follicle is referred to as __

Answer 14

atresia

Question 15

generally speaking, “atresia” signifies…

Answer 15

the “closure” of an orifice, or follicle

Question 16

What are 3 hints that an ovarian follicle is undergoing apoptosis?

Answer 16

• nuclei are darker and more condensed, perhaps pyknotic (breaking up into smaller pixels)
• debris from broken cells is evident
• the basement membrane surrounding the cell is breaking up to expose follicle to immune system (later stages)

Question 17

pathological cell death is called

Answer 17

necrosis

Question 18

necrosis is…

Answer 18

pathological cell death

Question 19

in this kind of cell death, nuclei do not undergo structural change before lysing

Answer 19

necrosis

Question 20

what intracellular organelle should predominate in a steroidogenic cell, such as the corpus luteum?

Answer 20

smooth ER (difficult to see by LM

Question 21

tiny whitish circles inside steroidogenic cells are probably

Answer 21

fat globules for steroidogenesis

Question 22

phases of mitosis (& not mitosis)

Answer 22

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, (interphase)

Question 23

inclusion

Answer 23

anything contained within the cell cytoplasm (usually for structures without a more specific name)

Question 24

lateral saculations

Answer 24

folds (e.g. in the uterus, in the intestines) that form glands of increased epithelial surface area