5.1 lect - bone & cartilage Flashcards
cartilage and bone are derived from the __, which is derived from the __
mesenchyme
mesoderm
3 regions of long bone
epiphysis - head
metaphysis - neck
diaphysis - shaft
macroscopic descriptions of bone
compact
spongy (cancellous)
microscopic descriptions of bone
woven
lamellar
-appositional
-haversian
outer surface of bone
periosteum
inner surface of bone
endosteum
T/F all bone surfaces are lined with cells
true
what are the two layers of periosteum?
outer fibrous
inner cellular
how is bone prepared in a histological section?
demineralized
soft tissues removed
what is the name for circular bone structure
osteon or
haversian system
what are two types of lamellar bone growth?
haversian growth (concentric rings) apositional growth (sheets)
what embryonic tissues does bone come from?
- axial skeleton - sclerotome (somites, paraxial mesoderm)
- appendicular skeleton + sternum - somatic mesoderm (lateral plate mesoderm)
- facial bones, parts of skull, clavicle - neural crest cells (ectomesenchyme)
what embryonic tissue does most of the axial skeleton come from (except sternum, facial and some other bones of skull) ?
sclerotome
somites, paraxial mesoderm
what embryonic tissue does most of the appendicular skeleton and sternum come from (except clavicle) ?
somatic mesoderm
lateral plate mesoderm
what embryonic tissue do the clavicle and facial bones come from ?
neural crest cells
ectomesenchyme
how is intramembranous bone formed?
begins with a fibrous layer and bone is made directly (no cartilage intermediate)
how is endochondral bone formed?
shape made from hyaline cartilage, then turned into bone with osteocytes and vascularization
what are two types of initial bone development?
intramembranous (fibrous layer - bone)
endochondral (hyaline cartilage shape - bone)
what kinds of bones develop by endochondral ossification?
extremeties and weight bearing bones of axial skeleton
what kinds of bones develop by intramembranous ossification?
flat bones of face and skull, mandible, clavicle
mesenchyme
part of embryonic mesoderm that develops into connective tissues and other important tissues
appositional growth
growth on an existing surface. surrounding mesenchyme gives rise to osteoprogenitor cells that come into contact with initially formed bone and differentiate into bone producing cells
what does the axial skeleton include
spine, ribs, skull
is the shoulder girdle part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?
appendicular