5.3 Childhood Malignancy Flashcards
% of new cancers paediatric?
1%
1 in 600
Difference in paediatric cancers?
- Not associated with lifestyle (except radiation exposure)
- rarely inherited (down’s leukaemia
Most common paediatric cancers?
CNS
bone marrow
Current cancer treatments
Chemo
Radiation
Surgery
Biologics
How many % usually children with cancer can be cured?
Over 75%
Cardinal symptoms of cancer
- Recurrent fever unknown cause
- persistent pain - bone pain
- lymphadenopathy
- uprpura
- pallor
- Strabismus
- change in coordination/behaviour
Most common paediatric cancer?
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Do kids get CML and CLL?
Rarely
ALL comes form which cell?
Lymphoid progenitor cell
Symptoms of ALL?
Anaemia, bruising, fever, bone pain Myphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly -malaise -Anorexia
ALL what do you see in blood tests?
Hb 5-60
Thombocytopaenia (platelets 10-20,000)
White cells: lost of blasts
Neutropaenia
ALL DDX?
- Idiopathic thrombocytopaenia prupura
- neutropaenias
- anaemia
- CBV
- infection with lymphadenopathy
- arthritis
- child abuse
- solid tumour with bone metastasis
Prognosis for ALL is better?
- Age 2-10 better
- lower WCC (<50 000)
- pred response
- no CNS disease
- hyperdiploidy
ALL treatment lasts how long?
Around 2 years
ALL treatment regimen?
- 5 weeks induction (98% remission)
- 6-10 months heavy chemo
- 1.5 years of gentle oral maintenance chemo
- bone marrow transplant sometimes
How to treat CNS ALL?
Sometimes cranial RT
Intensive Chemo
How does treatment of AML differ from ALL?
- 20% of childhood leukaemia
- more serious than ALL
- 60% cure
- more intensive chemo
- looks different on bone marrow
Childhood brain tumours usually where?
More posterior fossa