3.1 Newborn Exam Flashcards
Examination of newborn should always include what measurements?
Weight
Height
Head circumference
Plotted on growth charts
What are we observing in neonate skin?
Birthmarks Rashes Infections Colour: jaundice/cyanosis Skin tags, pits, sinuses
Mainstay treatment for neonatal jaundice?
Phototherapy
Biliblanket
What is milia?
Subcut fat in small vesicles
Benign
What is acrocyanosis?
Benign
Sluggish circulation to peripheries
What is an infantile hemangioma?
Benign usually appears shortly after birth
How to differentiate Mongolian blue spot from bruise?
Not raised
Doesn’t change colours
How to recognise erythema toxicum?
Child is otherwise well
Small red blotchy spots, benign
Day 2-3 appears, is normal
What is neonatal pustular Melanosis?
Benign
Not staph infection cause baby is otherwise well
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Waxy looking
Moisturiser
Can indicate future eczema?
Difference between port wine stain and hemangioma?
Portwine stain is flat, not raised. Also does not involute
Omphalitis is?
Inflammation/infection around the umbilicus
Needs hospital admission and IV antis
What is the head circumference range at birth?
33-37cm
Why is it important to differentiate between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?
Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal bleed and may be a source for jaundice
Does caput cross sutures?
Yes cause it’s in a plane superior to bone
Skull shape defects, main two
Positional plagiocephaly
Early fusion of sutures
What are two complications of shoulder dystocia?
Clavicular fracture
Torticollis
What is torticollis?
Shortening and fibrosis of one of the sternocladomastoids
Neonatal Eye Exam look for what generally?
Red Reflex
Discharge: conjunctivitis
Leucokoria could mean what in a neonate?
Retinoblastoma
Cataract
What is coloboma?
Iris defect
Refer
What is hazy cornea?
Associated with glaucoma
Refer
How to enhance eye opening in infants?
Sitting up Feed baby Rock them Turn baby on side Dim lights Another appt
What to look for on nose examination?
Shape
Natency of nostrils
Nasal flaring
What to look for in mouth exam?
Cleft palate Big I’d uvula Tongue tie Neonatal teeth Large tongue Small mandible
Example of dysmorphic features?
Low set ears
Upslanting eyes
Epicanthic folds
If baby is sucking on hand/breast excessively can get?
Sucking blisters
Neonatal cardio-Resp exam?
-Colour
-Breathing pattern and rate
-Nasal flaring/subcostal recession
-cardiac apex
-murmurs
FEMORAL PULSES
O2 says
Neonatal Abdo exam?
- umbilicus -omphalitis, # vessels
- organomegaly
- hernias - inguinal/umbilical
- Genitalia: hypospadias
What to look for in genitalia/anus neonate?
Testes, hypospadias
Ambiguous genitalia
Anus: imperforate anus/displaced anus
Neonatal limb examination includes?
Hands-Simeon crease - polydactyly Feet: talipes, Posture Muscle tone Symmetry of limb movement Femoral pulses
What is syndactyly?
Fusion of one or more fingers
MSK neonatal exam of hip?
Developmental dysphasia of the hips
Barlow: ‘dislocating mov’t’
Ortolani: ‘ relocating’
Thigh creases
Shortening of one limb
Conservative mx of mild hip dysplasia ?
Pavlik harness
Fixed talipes with equinovarus mx?
Screened for other genetic issues
Refer to ortho
Neonatal spine exam?
Dimples Hairy patch Naevus Swellings: lipomas/meningoceles Congenital scoliosis
How to test neonatal muscle tone?
Pull to sit
Ventral suspension
Symmetry of limb movement
What primitive reflexes in neonates?
Sucking Grasp Moro / startled Tonic neck reflex Stepping
Always check what in neonates?
- Red reflex
- Heart/femoral pulses
- Hips
- Genitalia
