3.3.1 Eye Disorders vision childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Every child who presents with an eye problem needs what?

A

Visual acuity assessed

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2
Q

What is Sheridan single matching test? Vs. linear matching

A
  • Single letter then they point to it

- linear matching with crowding aged 4

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3
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Misalignment of two eyes, only one eye directed at object of regard

commonly called cross-eyed, lazy eyed, etc.

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4
Q

Normal to have cross eyes?

A

In first 4months of life, babies may cross and uncross

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5
Q

What kind of strabismus do we worry about?

A

Constant strabismus

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6
Q

What is pseudostrabismus?

A
  • Broad flat bridge of nose
  • epicanthic folds

-look at the reflections in the eye, usually symmetrical

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7
Q

What is esotropia?

A

Eyes turning in

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8
Q

What is accommodative esotropia?

A

Usually age 2-2.5, focusing on books, gets eyes turning in to focus

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9
Q

What is exotropia?

A

One eye drifts out

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10
Q

Different kinds of exotropia?

A

Intermittent

Constant

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11
Q

What are causes of paralytic strabismus?

A

3,4,6 nerve palsies

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12
Q

True strabismus can be associated with what serious pathology?

A

Intraocular

Intracranial

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13
Q

What is a warning sign in a baby for eyes?

A

Constant exotropia

  • often associated with neurological problems
  • often poor vision in 1 eye
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14
Q

How does paralytic strabismus present?

A

Student onset

Diplopia

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15
Q

Aetiology of paralytic strabismus?

A

-Congenital
-acquired
Viral
Trauma
Increased ICP

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16
Q

What is an eye disorder than can cause head tilt?

A

4th nerve palsy

17
Q

3rd nerve palsy in kids?

A

Pstosis, eye drifts out

Rare
Can be congenital - can be viral: very rare
Likely tumour, refer and MRI

18
Q

Paralytic strabisbus key points for DDx and Ix?

A

Intracranial disease

MRI/MRA

19
Q

What is Duane syndrome

A

Abnormal innervation of lateral rectus

20
Q

What is Brown’s syndrome?

A

Superior oblique doesn’t pass through trochlea freely

21
Q

Strabismus can be associated with that intraocular pathology?

A

Retinoblastoma
Cataract
Toxoplasmosis

22
Q

What is the gold standard for strabismus?

A

Cover/uncover test
Ocular movements

Needs to fixate on something, then cover the good eye, usually the affected eye will take up fixation, then when you uncover the bad eye will turn out or in again

23
Q

What is the cover test for?

A

Intermittent exotropia

24
Q

Ophthalmoscope useful for?

A

Red reflex

Optic disc/retina

25
Q

Risk factors for strabismus

A
Family Hx
Low birthweight 
Drug/alcohol
Cataract/retinoblastoma
Neurological
Craniofacial
26
Q

When to refer to ophthalmologist?

A
Constant strabismus
Sudden onset
Restricted movement
Unequal red reflex
Underlying eye pathology
Intracranial pathology
27
Q

When is the sensitive period for amblyopia?

A

Birth to 8 years

28
Q

Types of amblyopia?

A

Unilateral: form deprivation, strabismus

Bilateral

29
Q

3 aetiology of amblyopia?

A

Strabismus
Refractive
Deprivational: ptosis/cataract

30
Q

Management of amblyopia?

A

Early diagnosis

Age 0-8

31
Q

Management of amblyopia?

A

Correct refractive
Correct cataract/ptosis
Occlude better eye

32
Q

Patching one eye how long?

A

2 hours in mild moderate
4 hours a day for severe
Can patch an 8 year old

Must have Compliance with patching

33
Q

Do you grow out of strabismus?

A

Nope