5.1.3 - Glycolysis Flashcards
What is a co-enzyme?
A non-protein compound which is bound to a protein and is required for the proteins biological capacity.
What are some co-enzymes used in respiration?
NAD
CoA
FAD
What is the role of NAD?
Helps dehydrogenase enzymes transfer hydrogen between molecules.
What is added to NAD when it is reduced to NADH?
2 hydrogen atoms
Definition of glycolysis?
The splitting of the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
What are the 3 stages of glycolysis in order?
Activation
Cleavage
Harvest
What happens first in glycolysis?
Glucose is made more reactive by the addition of 2 ATP molecules.
Glucose = Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
What happens in the cleavage stage of glycolysis?
Hexose sugar splits into 2 3-carbon molecules known as triose phosphate.
What happens after the 2 triose phoshates are formed?
Hydrogen is removed from each of the 2 triose phoshates.
An inorganic phosphate is added.
The hydrogen reduces NAD.
Triose phosphates are oxidised.
1 ATP is generated for each triose phosphate.
What happens after the triose phosphates are oxidised?
4 enzyme reactions convert triose phosphate into a 3-carbon pyruvate.
2 ATP are generated from ADP for each pyruvate formed.
Where does the pyruvate go in aerobic respiration?
Transported to into the mitochondrian by active transport.
Where does the pyruvate go in anaerobic respiration?
Pyruvate remains in the cytoplasm. Converted into lactate in humans or ethanol in yeast.
What is the overall net gain of ATP and NADH molecules in glycolysis?
ATP = 2
NADH = 2
