5.1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do plant need to respond to their external env?

A

avoid herbivory
grow towards sunlight / water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do animals need to respond to their environment?

A

eat/catch prey
avoid predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are abiotic and biotic factors?

A

abiotic is non-living
biotic is living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What needs to be regulated in the internal environment?

A

blood glucose concentration
internal temperature
water potential
cell pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What needs to be regulated in the external environment?

A

humidity
external temperature
light intensity
new or sudden sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a transducer?

A

a receptor that will convert one form of energy into another form of energyW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an example of a transducer?

A

receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a feature of receptors?

A

specific to 1 particular stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an effector?

A

brings about a response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What secretes hormones?

A

glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 types of hormones?

A

Lipid-based
Non-lipid based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can lipid-soluble hormones do?

A

diffuse straight through the phospholipid bilayer and act upon DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why can peptide hormones not diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

too large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do peptide hormones enter the phospholipid bilayer?

A

1st messenger and 2nd messenger response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the 1st messenger?

A

hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the hormone do?

A

binds to receptor on the cell surface membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the hormone bind to the receptor?

A

complimentary and specific in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens when the hormone binds to the receptor in the 1st msg 2nd msg response?

A

activates enzyme
adenyl cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does adenyl cyclase do?

A

activates 2nd messenger

20
Q

What is the 2nd mesenger?

21
Q

What does cAMP do?

A

trigger a response inside the cell

22
Q

Outline the entire 1st messenger 2nd messenger response?

A

First messenger = hormone
hormone binds to receptor
on c.s.m
as they are complimentary and specific in shape
activates adenyl cyclase enzyme
adenyl cyclase activates cAMP
cAMP triggers a response inside the cell

23
Q

What is cell signalling?

A

communication between cells
cell recognition / identification
cells working together
to trigger a response

24
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a relatively stable internal environment / state
within narrow limits
even though the env is changing

25
Q

Why does core body temp need maintaining?

A

enzymes and other proteins like channel proteins are sensitive to changes in temp

optimum temp

low temp - no efficient

26
Q

Why does blood glucose concetration need to be maintained?

A

Glucose is used as a repsiratory substrate by cells so they need a constant supply

keeping it constant, ensures a constant water potential

27
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

muscle contraction and active transport

28
Q

What is glucose used for?

A

to generate ATP

29
Q

Why does the W.P of blood need to be maintained?

W.P

A

changes in the water potential of blood may cause cells to shrink or expand as water leaves/ enters by osmosis

if not kept constant cells cannot function properly

30
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

effector causes a change to bring internal env back to normal conditions

31
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

situation is amplified until a change is brought about

32
Q

What are endotherms?

A

Warm blooded animals that regulate their own internal temperature

33
Q

What are ectotherms?

A

cold-blooded animal that does not regulate its own internal temperature using behaviourial responses

34
Q

Why do ectotherms bask in the sun?

A

aerobic respiration
to generate ATP
for muscle contraction

35
Q

What does hypothalamus do?

A

sends messages to parts of body by ANS
contains thermoreceptors

36
Q

What happens in vasoconstriction?

A

less blood flow near surface of skin

37
Q

What happens to blood flow in vasodilation?

A

more blood flows clsoer to skin surface

38
Q

What do hair erector muscles do?

A

contracts
relaxes
hairs standing on end trap insulating layer of air

39
Q

What happens when temp inc?

A

temp receptors on skin detect inc temp
sensory neurone passes this to thermoreceptors
motor neurones pass this to
skeletal muscles to prevent shivering
vasodilation
relaxation of hair erector muscles
shivering
dec production of thyroxine and adrenaline
dec in metabolsim
dec in heat production as by product of aerobic repsiration
normal temp

40
Q

What initally detects the inc in temp?

A

temp receptors in skin

41
Q

What passes impulses from temp receptors in skin to thermoreceptors?

A

sensory neurone

42
Q

What passes impulses form thermoreceptors to effectors?

A

motor neurones

43
Q

What do effectors do when temp inc?

A

skeletal muscle prevent shivering
vasodilation
relaxation of hair erector muscles
sweating
dec production of adrenaline and thyroxine

44
Q

What happens when the temp dec compared to normal?

A

temp receptors in skin detect dec
sesnory neurone sends impulses to thermoreceptors in hypothalamus
motor neurones send impulses to effectors
skeletal muscles shivering
vasoconstirction
contractipon of hair erector myscle
hairs stand on end
trapping insulating layer of air
no/little sweating
inc prod of adrenaline and thyrioxine
inc in metabolism
inc heat prod
as by product of areobic resp

45
Q

What sends impulses from receptors in skin to hypothalamus?

46
Q

What sends impulses from the thermoregulatory centre to the effector?

A

motor neurones

47
Q

What does the effector do when temp dec?

A

skeletal muscles shivering
vasoconstirction
contractipon of hair erector myscle
hairs stand on end
trapping insulating layer of air
no/little sweating
inc prod of adrenaline and thyrioxine
inc in metabolism
inc heat prod
as by product of areobic resp