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Pathology > 5.10 Classifying neoplasms > Flashcards

5.10 Classifying neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasms are composed of

A

proliferating neoplastic cells but also contain non-neoplastic supportive stroma of connective tissue and blood vessels

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2
Q

neoplasms need

A

blood supply and supporting elements and they induce those, that is normal

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3
Q

neoplastic component

A

malignant proliferating cells

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4
Q

tumors are named according to

A

the neoplastic component

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5
Q

benign tumors are often designated by the suffix

A

“oma” (but does not always apply)

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6
Q

benign fibroblast tumor

A

fibroma

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7
Q

first part of benign tumor name tells you about

A

the tissue

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8
Q

fat benign tumor

A

lipoma

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9
Q

smooth muscle benign tumor

A

leiomyoma

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10
Q

skeletal muscle benign tumor

A

rhabdomyoma

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11
Q

fibrous tissue benign tumor

A

fibroma

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12
Q

blood vessel benign tumor

A

hemangioma

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13
Q

cartilage benign tissue

A

chondroma

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14
Q

benign epithelial tumors

A

adenoma, cystadenoma

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15
Q

adenoma

A

benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium

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16
Q

cystadenoma

A

adenoma with cystic or fluid-filled cavity - commonly seen in ovary

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17
Q

papilloma

A

benign epithelial neoplasm producing microscopically or macroscopically visible finger-like or papillary projections

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18
Q

transitional cell papilloma is seen in

A

the bladder, renal pelvis - see cauliflower looking lesion

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19
Q

adenoma examples

A

bile duct adenoma, pituitary adenoma

20
Q

malignant neoplasms

A

sarcoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma

21
Q

sarcoma

A

arising from mesenchymal tissue (fibrous tissue, bone)

22
Q

sarcoma examples

A

leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma

23
Q

carcinoma

A

arising from epithelial tissue - more common than sarcomas

24
Q

carcinoma examples

A

carcinoma of the_., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma

25
Q

why do you see malignancies commonly in epithelial tissue

A

rapid rate of division

26
Q

When do you see rhabdosarcomas

A

this is cancer of the skeletal muscles and you see it mostly in children and small infants when the skeletal muscle is still dividing and froming; in adults its pretty much set.

27
Q

lymphoma

A

arising from lymphoid tissue

28
Q

leukemia

A

arising from blood or bone marrow elements

29
Q

melanoma

A

arising from melanocytes

30
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

derived from squamous epithelium

31
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

derived from glandular epithelium (looks like glands but doesn_t have to be derived from glands like from mucosal epithelium)

32
Q

specific carcinoma examples

A

ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

33
Q

keratin pearls

A

morphological feater on HE where you see nests of squamous cells _..seen in the uterine wall in squamous cells carcinoma of the cervix

34
Q

two features you see in adenocarcinoma that help you identify breast cancer

A

desmoplastic reaction of connective tissue and microcalcifications - these two appear more electron dense in mammography

35
Q

are calcium deposits always indicative of breast cancer

A

no - but will aid in directing the biopsy needle to an area of adenocarcinoma if there is one

36
Q

exceptions to “oma” rule of benign tumors - aka malignant tumors ending in “oma”

A

lymphoma, hepatoma, seminoma, melanoma

37
Q

hepatoma is a term that has been replaced by

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

38
Q

where do you see benign hepatomas

A

females taking oral contraceptives

39
Q

seminoma

A

testicular malignant tumor

40
Q

some carcinomas or sarcomas are benign like

A

basal cell carcinoma of skin, cystosarcoma phyllodes of breast, well differentiated liposarcoma of skin

41
Q

most common cancer of the skin induced by the sun

A

basal cell carcinoma - curable by incision - will locally invade but hardly ever metastisizes (intermediate type I think)

42
Q

cystosarcoma phyllodes can be removed by

A

surgical incision

43
Q

Teratoma

A

monster growth - desmoid cyst of ovary with hair, eyeball, bone, neural tissue - cells from all three germ layers but sometimes can only tell that microscopacally

44
Q

hodgkin’s disease

A

a form of lymphoma - curable so if you know its lymphoma always ask hodgkin’s or nonhodgkin’s

45
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

nephroblastoma

46
Q

blastoma refers to

A

childhood tumors

47
Q

glioblastoma

A

glial tumor in adults, most deadly form of brain cancer and most common

Pathology (26 decks)

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